Selection with Adjacency or Spacing Constraints

The question requires choosing items from a linearly or geometrically arranged set such that selected items satisfy non-adjacency, spacing, or positional restrictions.

isi-entrance 2013 Q59 4 marks View
The number of ways in which one can select six distinct integers from the set $\{1, 2, 3, \cdots, 49\}$, such that no two consecutive integers are selected, is
(A) $\binom{49}{6} - 5\binom{48}{5}$
(B) $\binom{43}{6}$
(C) $\binom{25}{6}$
(D) $\binom{44}{6}$
isi-entrance 2016 Q59 4 marks View
The number of ways in which one can select six distinct integers from the set $\{1, 2, 3, \cdots, 49\}$, such that no two consecutive integers are selected, is
(A) $\binom{49}{6} - 5\binom{48}{5}$
(B) $\binom{43}{6}$
(C) $\binom{25}{6}$
(D) $\binom{44}{6}$
isi-entrance 2016 Q59 4 marks View
The number of ways in which one can select six distinct integers from the set $\{ 1, 2, 3, \cdots, 49 \}$, such that no two consecutive integers are selected, is
(A) $\binom { 49 } { 6 } - 5 \binom { 48 } { 5 }$
(B) $\binom { 43 } { 6 }$
(C) $\binom { 25 } { 6 }$
(D) $\binom { 44 } { 6 }$
jee-advanced 1998 Q33 8 marks View
33. Seven white balls and three black balls are randomly placed in a row. The probability that no two black balls are placed adjacently equals :
(A) $1 / 2$
(B) $7 / 15$
(C) $2 / 15$
(D) $1 / 3$
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  1. Let n be an odd integer. If $\sin \mathrm { n } \theta = \sum _ { r = 0 } ^ { n } b _ { r } \sin ^ { r } \theta$, for every value of $\theta$, then :
    (A) $\mathrm { b } _ { 0 } = 1 , \mathrm {~b} _ { 1 } = 3$
    (B) $\quad \mathrm { b } _ { 0 } = 0 , \mathrm {~b} _ { 1 } = \mathrm { n }$
    (C) $\quad \mathrm { b } _ { 0 } = - 1 , \mathrm {~b} _ { 1 } = \mathrm { n }$
    (D) $\quad \mathrm { b } _ { 0 } = 0 , \mathrm {~b} _ { 1 } = \mathrm { n } ^ { 2 } - 3 \mathrm { n } + 3$
  2. Which of the following number(s) is/are rational?
    (A) $\quad \sin 15 ^ { \circ }$
    (B) $\quad \cos 15 ^ { \circ }$
    (C) $\quad \sin 15 ^ { \circ } \cos 15 ^ { \circ }$
    (D) $\quad \sin 15 ^ { \circ } \cos 75 ^ { \circ }$
  3. If the circle $x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 2 } = a ^ { 2 }$ intersects the hyperbola $x y = c ^ { 2 }$ in four points $P \left( x _ { 1 } , y _ { 1 } \right) , Q \left( x _ { 2 } , y _ { 2 } \right) , R \left( x _ { 3 } , y _ { 3 } \right) , S \left( x _ { 4 } , y _ { 4 } \right)$, then:
    (A) $x _ { 1 } + x _ { 2 } + x _ { 3 } + x _ { 4 } = 0$
    (B) $y _ { 1 } + y _ { 2 } + y _ { 3 } + y _ { 4 } = 0$
    (C) $\quad x _ { 1 } x _ { 2 } x _ { 3 } x _ { 4 } = c ^ { 4 }$
    (D) $\quad y _ { 1 } y _ { 2 } y _ { 3 } y _ { 4 } = c ^ { 4 }$
  4. If $E$ and $F$ are events with $P ( E ) \leq P ( F )$ and $P ( E \cap F ) > 0$, then:
    (A) occurrence of $\mathrm { E } \Rightarrow$ occurrence of F
    (B) occurrence of $\mathrm { F } \Rightarrow$ occurrence of E
    (C) non-occurrence of $\mathrm { E } \Rightarrow$ non-occurrence of F
    (D) none of the above implications holds
  5. Which of the following expressions are meaningful question
    (A) $\vec { u } \cdot ( \vec { v } \times \vec { w } )$
    (B) $( \vec { u } , \vec { v } ) , \vec { w }$
    (C) $( \vec { u } , \vec { v } ) \vec { w }$
    (D) $\vec { u } \times ( \vec { v } , \vec { w } )$
  6. If $\int _ { 0 } ^ { x } f ( \mathrm { t } ) \mathrm { dt } = \mathrm { x } + \int _ { x } ^ { 1 } t \mathrm { f } ( \mathrm { t } ) \mathrm { dt }$, then the value of $\mathrm { f } ( 1 )$ is:
    (A) $\frac { 1 } { 2 }$
    (B) 0
    (C) 1
    (D) $\quad - \frac { 1 } { 2 }$
  7. Let $h ( x ) = f ( x ) - ( f ( x ) ) 2 + ( f ( x ) ) 3$ for every real number $x$. Then:
    (A) $h$ is increasing whenever $f$ is increasing
    (B) $h$ is increasing whenever $f$ is decreasing
    (C) $h$ is decreasing whenever $f$ is decreasing
    (D) nothing can be said in general

SECTION II
Instructions
There are 15 questions in this section. Each questions carries 8 marks. At the end of the answer to a question, leave 3 cm blank space, draw a horizontal line and start the answer to the next question. The corresponding question number must be written in the left margin. Answer all parts of a question at one place only.
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The use of only Arabic numerals $( 0,1,2 , \ldots \ldots , 9 )$ is allowed in answering the questions irrespective of the language in which you answer.
  1. Suppose $f ( x )$ is a function satisfying the following conditions :
    (A) $\quad \mathrm { f } ( 0 ) = 2 , \mathrm { f } ( 1 ) = 1$.
    (B) f has a minimum value at $\mathrm { x } = \frac { 5 } { 2 }$, and
    (C) for all $\mathrm { X } , \mathrm { f } ^ { \prime } ( \mathrm { x } ) = \left| \begin{array} { c c c } 2 a x & 2 a x - 1 & 2 a x + b + 1 \\ b & b + 1 & - 1 \\ 2 ( a x + b ) & 2 a x + 2 b + 1 & 2 a x + b \end{array} \right|$ where $\mathrm { a } , \mathrm { b }$ are some constants. Determine the constants $\mathrm { a } , \mathrm { b }$ and the function $f ( x )$.
  2. Let $p$ be a prime and $m$ a positive integer. By mathematical induction on $m$, or otherwise, prove that whenever $r$ is an integer such that p does not divide $\mathrm { r } , \mathrm { p }$ divides mpCr . [0pt] [Hint : You may use the fact that $( 1 + x ) ( m + 1 ) p = [ ( 1 + x ) p ( 1 + x ) m p ]$
  3. A bird flies in a circle on a horizontal plane. An observer stands at a point on the ground. Suppose 600 and 300 are the maximum and the minimum angles of elevationof the bird and that they occur when the bird is at the points P and $Q$ respectively on its path. Let $q$ be the angle of elevation of the bird when it is at a point on the arc of the circle exactly midway between P and Q . Find the numerical value of $\tan 2 \mathrm { q }$. (Assume that the observer is not inside the vertical projection of the path of the bird.)
  4. Prove that a triangle $A B C$ is equilateral if and only if $\tan A + \tan B + \tan C = 3 \sqrt { } 3$.
  5. Using co-ordinate geometry, prove that the three altitudes of any triangle are concurrent.
  6. C 1 and C 2 are two concentric circles, the radius of C 2 being twice that of C 1 . From a point P on C 2 . Tangents PA and PB are drawn to C 1 . Prove that the centroid of the triangle PAB lies on C 1 .
  7. The angle between a pair of tangents drawn from a point $P$ to the parabola $y 2 = 4 a x$ is 450 . Show that the locus of the point P is a hyperbola.
  8. if $\mathrm { y } = \frac { a x ^ { 2 } } { ( x - a ) ( x - b ( x - c ) } + \frac { b x } { ( x - b ) ( x - c ) } + \frac { c } { ( x - c ) } + 1$, prove that $\frac { y ^ { \prime } } { y } = \frac { 1 } { x } \left( \frac { a } { a - x } + \frac { b } { b - x } + \frac { c } { c - x } \right)$.
  9. Prove that $\int 01 \tan - 1 ( 1 - x + x 2 ) d x$.
  10. A curve $C$ has the property that if the tangent drawn at any point $P$ on Cmeet the coordinate axes at $A$ and $B$, then $P$ is the mid-point of $A B$. The curve passes through the point $( 1,1 )$. Determine the equation of the curve.
  11. Three players $A$, $B$ and $C$, toss a coin cyclically in that order (that is $A , B , C , A , B , C , A$, $\mathrm { B } , \ldots \ldots \ldots$. ) till a head shows. Let p be the probability that the coin shows a head. Let $\mathrm { a } , \mathrm { b }$ and

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$y$ be, respectively, the probability that $A , B$ and $C$ gets the first head. Prov that $b = ( 1 -$ p) a. Determine a, b and y (in terms of p). 12. Prove, by vector methods or otherwise, that the point of intersection of the diagonals of a trapezium lies on the line passing through the mid-points of the parallel sides. (You may assume that the trapezium is not a parallelogram.) 13. For any two vectors $\vec { u }$ and $\vec { v }$ prove that
(A) $\quad ( \vec { u } . \vec { v } ) ^ { 2 } + | \vec { u } \times \vec { v } | ^ { 2 } = | \vec { u } | ^ { 2 } | \vec { v } | ^ { 2 }$ and
(B) $\quad \left( 1 + | \vec { u } | ^ { 2 } \right) \left( 1 + | \vec { v } | ^ { 2 } \right) = ( 1 - \vec { u } \cdot \vec { v } ) ^ { 2 } | \vec { u } + \vec { v } + ( \vec { u } \times \vec { v } ) | ^ { 2 }$ 14. Let $f ( x ) = A x 2 + B x + C$ where $A , B , C$ are real numbers. Prove that if $f ( x )$ is an integer whenever $x$ is an integer, then the numbers $2 A , A + B$ and $C$ are all integers. Conversely, prove that if the numbers $2 A , A + B$ and $C$ are all integers then $f ( x )$ is an integer whenever $x$ is an integer. 15. Let $C 1$ and $C 2$ be the graphs of the function $y = x 2$ and $y = 2 x , 0 \pounds x \pounds 1$ respectively. Let C3 be the graph of a function $y = f ( x ) , 0 \pounds x \pounds 1 , f ( 0 ) = 0$. For a point Pon C1, let the lines through P , parallel to the axes, meet C 2 and C 3 at Q and R respectively (see figure). If the for every position of P (on C1), the areas of the shaded regions OPQ and ORP are equal, determine the function $f ( x )$. [Figure]
jee-advanced 2020 Q13 View
An engineer is required to visit a factory for exactly four days during the first 15 days of every month and it is mandatory that no two visits take place on consecutive days. Then the number of all possible ways in which such visits to the factory can be made by the engineer during 1-15 June 2021 is $\_\_\_\_$
jee-main 2025 Q10 View
From all the English alphabets, five letters are chosen and are arranged in alphabetical order. The total number of ways, in which the middle letter is 'M', is:
(1) 5148
(2) 6084
(3) 4356
(4) 14950
taiwan-gsat 2022 Q3 5 marks View
Eight buildings are arranged in a row, numbered 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 from left to right. A telecommunications company wants to select three of these buildings' rooftops to install telecommunications base stations. If base stations cannot be installed on two adjacent buildings to avoid signal interference, how many ways are there to select locations for the base stations if no base station is installed on building 3?
(1) 12
(2) 13
(3) 20
(4) 30
(5) 35
turkey-yks 2016 Q18 View
A table consisting of two rows and 7 cells is given in the figure.
Patterns are created by painting 4 cells of this table black.
How many different patterns are there such that each row has at least one painted cell?
A) 26
B) 28
C) 30
D) 32
E) 34
turkey-yks 2024 Q14 View
Melisa will stack 10 circular cardboards with radii $1\text{ cm}, 2\text{ cm}, 3\text{ cm}, \cdots, 10\text{ cm}$ on a table with their centers coinciding, where each has a different natural number radius.
In how many different ways can Melisa arrange them so that when viewed from above, exactly one of the circles is completely hidden?
A) 36 B) 40 C) 45 D) 48 E) 54