Modulus Inequalities and Triangle Inequality Applications
The question asks to compare, bound, or optimize expressions involving sums or differences of moduli of complex numbers, often using the triangle inequality or properties of quadrants.
Answer the three questions below. To answer (i) and (ii), replace ? with exactly one of the following four options: $<$, $=$, $>$, not enough information to compare. (i) Suppose $z_1, z_2$ are complex numbers. One of them is in the second quadrant and the other is in the third quadrant. Then $\left|\left|z_1\right| - \left|z_2\right|\right| \quad ? \quad \left|z_1 + z_2\right|$. (ii) Complex numbers $z_1$, $z_2$ and $0$ form an equilateral triangle. Then $\left|z_1^2 + z_2^2\right| \quad ? \quad \left|z_1 z_2\right|$. (iii) Let $1, z_1, z_2, z_3, z_4, z_5, z_6, z_7$ be the complex 8th roots of unity. Find the value of $\prod_{i=1,\ldots,7}(1 - z_i)$, where the symbol $\Pi$ denotes product.
Let $z$ and $w$ be complex numbers lying on the circles of radii 2 and 3 respectively, with centre ( 0,0 ). If the angle between the corresponding vectors is 60 degrees, then the value of $| z + w | / | z - w |$ is: (A) $\frac { \sqrt { 19 } } { \sqrt { 7 } }$ (B) $\frac { \sqrt { 7 } } { \sqrt { 19 } }$ (C) $\frac { \sqrt { 12 } } { \sqrt { 7 } }$ (D) $\frac { \sqrt { 7 } } { \sqrt { 12 } }$.
If the points $z_1$ and $z_2$ are on the circles $|z| = 2$ and $|z| = 3$, respectively, and the angle included between these vectors is $60^\circ$, then the value of $\frac{|z_1 + z_2|}{|z_1 - z_2|}$ is (A) $\sqrt{\frac{19}{7}}$ (B) $\sqrt{19}$ (C) $\sqrt{7}$ (D) $\sqrt{\frac{7}{19}}$