We study the differential equation with unknown $y$
$$x ^ { 2 } y ^ { \prime \prime } + x y ^ { \prime } + \left( x ^ { 2 } - n ^ { 2 } \right) y = 0 \tag{III.1}$$
We seek solutions in the set $E = \mathcal { C } ^ { 2 } ( ] 0 , + \infty [ )$. Let $z$ be a solution of $z^{\prime\prime} + qz = 0$ (III.2).
Justify that if $z$ is a non-zero solution of (III.2), then for $x > 0 , \left( z ( x ) , z ^ { \prime } ( x ) \right) \neq ( 0,0 )$.
Deduce that if $\alpha$ is a zero of $z$, then there exists a strictly positive real $\eta$ such that $\alpha$ is the only point where $z$ vanishes on $I = ] \alpha - \eta , \alpha + \eta [$. In this case, we say that $\alpha$ is an isolated zero of $z$.

Verify that the zeros of $\varphi _ { n }$ on $] 0 , + \infty [$ are isolated.

We introduce the differential equation
$$z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) + c ^ { 2 } z _ { 1 } ( x ) = 0 \quad \text { with } \quad c > 0 \tag{IV.1}$$
Using the bound from question II.E.2, show that $\varphi _ { 0 } ( 3 ) < 0$. Deduce that $\varphi _ { 0 }$ has a zero $\left. \alpha _ { 0 } \in \right] 0,3 [$.
We admit that this is the first zero of $\varphi _ { 0 }$, that is, $\varphi _ { 0 }$ does not vanish on $] 0 , \alpha _ { 0 } [$.

We introduce the differential equation
$$z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) + c ^ { 2 } z _ { 1 } ( x ) = 0 \quad \text { with } \quad c > 0 \tag{IV.1}$$
Using question II.D, show by induction that for all integer $n \geqslant 1$ the function $\varphi _ { n }$ is strictly positive on $] 0 , \alpha _ { 0 } [$.

We introduce the differential equation
$$z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) + c ^ { 2 } z _ { 1 } ( x ) = 0 \quad \text { with } \quad c > 0 \tag{IV.1}$$
In this question, we fix $n \in \mathbb { N }$ and $c \in ] 0,1 [$. We set $z ( x ) = \sqrt { x } \varphi _ { n } ( x )$, for $x > 0$.
Justify that there exists a real $A > 0$ such that for $x > A , q ( x ) > c ^ { 2 }$ ($q$ defined in III.A.2).

We introduce the differential equation
$$z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) + c ^ { 2 } z _ { 1 } ( x ) = 0 \quad \text { with } \quad c > 0 \tag{IV.1}$$
In this question, we fix $n \in \mathbb { N }$ and $c \in ] 0,1 [$. We set $z ( x ) = \sqrt { x } \varphi _ { n } ( x )$, for $x > 0$.
Let $a > A$. We set for $x > 0 , z _ { 1 } ( x ) = \sin ( c ( x - a ) )$, solution of (IV.1). We define the function $W = z z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime } - z _ { 1 } z ^ { \prime }$.
Verify that for $x > 0 , W ^ { \prime } ( x ) = \left( q ( x ) - c ^ { 2 } \right) z ( x ) z _ { 1 } ( x )$.

We introduce the differential equation
$$z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime \prime } ( x ) + c ^ { 2 } z _ { 1 } ( x ) = 0 \quad \text { with } \quad c > 0 \tag{IV.1}$$
In this question, we fix $n \in \mathbb { N }$ and $c \in ] 0,1 [$. We set $z ( x ) = \sqrt { x } \varphi _ { n } ( x )$, for $x > 0$. Let $a > A$, $z _ { 1 } ( x ) = \sin ( c ( x - a ) )$, and $W = z z _ { 1 } ^ { \prime } - z _ { 1 } z ^ { \prime }$.
We denote $\left. I _ { a } = \right] a , a + \pi / c \left[ \right.$ and assume that $\varphi _ { n }$ has no zeros on $I _ { a }$.
Determine the signs of $W ( a ) , W ( a + \pi / c )$ and of $W ^ { \prime }$ on $I _ { a }$ and reach a contradiction. Deduce that $\varphi _ { n }$ has a zero in every interval $I _ { a }$ with $a > A$.
One may distinguish cases according to the sign of $\varphi _ { n }$ on $I _ { a }$.