Reverse-Engineering a Geometric Quantity from Given Rates
Given both the rate of change of volume and the rate of change of a linear dimension, determine an unknown geometric quantity (e.g., radius or surface area) of the underlying solid by relating the rates through differentiation of the volume formula.
An ice sculpture in the form of a sphere melts in such a way that it maintains its spherical shape. The volume of the sphere is decreasing at a constant rate of $2 \pi$ cubic meters per hour. At what rate, in square meters per hour, is the surface area of the sphere decreasing at the moment when the radius is 5 meters? (Note: For a sphere of radius $r$, the surface area is $4 \pi r ^ { 2 }$ and the volume is $\frac { 4 } { 3 } \pi r ^ { 3 }$.) (A) $\frac { 4 \pi } { 5 }$ (B) $40 \pi$ (C) $80 \pi ^ { 2 }$ (D) $100 \pi$
121. The volume of a sphere is increasing at a constant rate of $3$ cubic centimeters per second. At the moment when the radius of the sphere is $8$ centimeters, the surface area of the sphere increases how many square centimeters per second? (1) $1/2$ (2) $1/25$ (3) $1/5$ (4) $1/6$
A spherical iron ball of 10 cm radius is coated with a layer of ice of uniform thickness that melts at a rate of $50 \mathrm {~cm} ^ { 3 } / \mathrm { min }$. When the thickness of ice is 5 cm , then the rate (in $\mathrm { cm } / \mathrm { min }$.) at which of the thickness of ice decreases, is: (1) $\frac { 5 } { 6 \pi }$ (2) $\frac { 1 } { 54 \pi }$ (3) $\frac { 1 } { 36 \pi }$ (4) $\frac { 1 } { 18 \pi }$
A spherical chocolate ball has a layer of ice-cream of uniform thickness around it. When the thickness of the ice-cream layer is 1 cm, the ice-cream melts at the rate of $81 \mathrm {~cm} ^ { 3 } / \mathrm { min }$ and the thickness of the ice-cream layer decreases at the rate of $\frac { 1 } { 4 \pi } \mathrm {~cm} / \mathrm { min }$. The surface area (in $\mathrm { cm } ^ { 2 }$) of the chocolate ball (without the ice-cream layer) is : (1) $196 \pi$ (2) $256 \pi$ (3) $225 \pi$ (4) $128 \pi$