grandes-ecoles 2022 Q2a

grandes-ecoles · France · x-ens-maths-b__mp Trig Proofs Trigonometric Identity Simplification
Let the functions $f$, $g$ and $D$ be defined on $\mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Z}$ by: $$f(x) = \pi \operatorname{cotan}(\pi x) = \pi \frac{\cos(\pi x)}{\sin(\pi x)}, \quad g(x) = \frac{1}{x} + \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \left(\frac{1}{x+n} + \frac{1}{x-n}\right).$$ We set $D = f - g$.
Show that for all $x \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Z}$, we have $$f\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{1+x}{2}\right) = 2f(x).$$
Let the functions $f$, $g$ and $D$ be defined on $\mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Z}$ by:
$$f(x) = \pi \operatorname{cotan}(\pi x) = \pi \frac{\cos(\pi x)}{\sin(\pi x)}, \quad g(x) = \frac{1}{x} + \sum_{n=1}^{+\infty} \left(\frac{1}{x+n} + \frac{1}{x-n}\right).$$
We set $D = f - g$.

Show that for all $x \in \mathbb{R} \backslash \mathbb{Z}$, we have
$$f\left(\frac{x}{2}\right) + f\left(\frac{1+x}{2}\right) = 2f(x).$$