grandes-ecoles 2013 QIII.A

grandes-ecoles · France · centrale-maths2__mp Matrices Determinant and Rank Computation
For $p \in \mathbb{N}^*$, we set $$A_p = \left(\begin{array}{rrrrr} 2 & -1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ -1 & 2 & -1 & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & -1 & 2 & \ddots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & -1 \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 & -1 & 2 \end{array}\right) \in \mathcal{M}_p(\mathbb{R})$$ We denote by $P_p$ the polynomial such that, for all real $x$, $P_p(x) = \det(x I_p - A_p)$.
Show that for fixed $x \in \mathbb{R}$, the sequence $(P_p(x))_{p \in \mathbb{N}^*}$ satisfies a linear relation of order 2, which we shall specify.
For $p \in \mathbb{N}^*$, we set
$$A_p = \left(\begin{array}{rrrrr} 2 & -1 & 0 & \cdots & 0 \\ -1 & 2 & -1 & \ddots & \vdots \\ 0 & -1 & 2 & \ddots & 0 \\ \vdots & \ddots & \ddots & \ddots & -1 \\ 0 & \cdots & 0 & -1 & 2 \end{array}\right) \in \mathcal{M}_p(\mathbb{R})$$
We denote by $P_p$ the polynomial such that, for all real $x$, $P_p(x) = \det(x I_p - A_p)$.

Show that for fixed $x \in \mathbb{R}$, the sequence $(P_p(x))_{p \in \mathbb{N}^*}$ satisfies a linear relation of order 2, which we shall specify.