grandes-ecoles 2022 Q26

grandes-ecoles · France · mines-ponts-maths2__mp Second order differential equations Qualitative and asymptotic analysis of solutions
In all that follows, $\mathbf{K = C}$. We set $E = \mathbf{C}^n$. We are given $A \in \mathcal{M}_n(\mathbf{C})$. We introduce the following polynomials: $$\begin{aligned} & P_s(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) < 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \\ & P_i(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) > 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \\ & P_n(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) = 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \end{aligned}$$ and the subspaces $E_s = \operatorname{Ker}(P_s(A))$, $E_i = \operatorname{Ker}(P_i(A))$ and $E_n = \operatorname{Ker}(P_n(A))$ of $E = \mathbf{C}^n$. We have $E = E_s \oplus E_i \oplus E_n$.
$\mathbf{26}$ ▷ Show that $$E_n = \left\{ X \in E \mid \exists C \in \mathbf{R}_+^* \quad \exists p \in \mathbf{N} \quad \forall t \in \mathbf{R} \quad \left\| e^{tA} X \right\|_E \leq C(1 + |t|)^p \right\}.$$
In all that follows, $\mathbf{K = C}$. We set $E = \mathbf{C}^n$. We are given $A \in \mathcal{M}_n(\mathbf{C})$. We introduce the following polynomials:
$$\begin{aligned} & P_s(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) < 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \\ & P_i(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) > 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \\ & P_n(X) = \prod_{\substack{\lambda \in \operatorname{Sp}(A) \\ \operatorname{Re}(\lambda) = 0}} (X - \lambda)^{m_\lambda}, \end{aligned}$$
and the subspaces $E_s = \operatorname{Ker}(P_s(A))$, $E_i = \operatorname{Ker}(P_i(A))$ and $E_n = \operatorname{Ker}(P_n(A))$ of $E = \mathbf{C}^n$. We have $E = E_s \oplus E_i \oplus E_n$.

$\mathbf{26}$ ▷ Show that
$$E_n = \left\{ X \in E \mid \exists C \in \mathbf{R}_+^* \quad \exists p \in \mathbf{N} \quad \forall t \in \mathbf{R} \quad \left\| e^{tA} X \right\|_E \leq C(1 + |t|)^p \right\}.$$