grandes-ecoles 2024 Q21

grandes-ecoles · France · mines-ponts-maths2__psi Sequences and Series Asymptotic Equivalents and Growth Estimates for Sequences/Series
In an urn containing $n$ white balls and $n$ black balls, we proceed to draw balls without replacement, until the urn is completely empty. The random variable $M_n$ counts the number of equality indices $k$ between $1$ and $2n$, and it has been shown that: $$\mathbb{E}(M_n) = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{2i}{i} \cdot \binom{2n-2i}{n-i}}{\binom{2n}{n}}.$$ Deduce the equivalent: $$\mathbb{E}(M_n) \underset{n \to +\infty}{\sim} \sqrt{\pi n}.$$
In an urn containing $n$ white balls and $n$ black balls, we proceed to draw balls without replacement, until the urn is completely empty. The random variable $M_n$ counts the number of equality indices $k$ between $1$ and $2n$, and it has been shown that:
$$\mathbb{E}(M_n) = \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} \frac{\binom{2i}{i} \cdot \binom{2n-2i}{n-i}}{\binom{2n}{n}}.$$
Deduce the equivalent:
$$\mathbb{E}(M_n) \underset{n \to +\infty}{\sim} \sqrt{\pi n}.$$