grandes-ecoles 2024 Q1b

grandes-ecoles · France · polytechnique-maths-b__mp Second order differential equations Structure of the solution space
Let $q : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous application, periodic with period $T > 0$. We consider the differential equation $$y'' + qy = 0 \tag{1}$$ Let $y_1$ and $y_2$ be the solutions in $\mathscr{C}^2(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{C})$ to (1) satisfying $$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} y_1(0) = 1 \\ y_1'(0) = 0 \end{array} \quad \text{and} \quad \left\{ \begin{array}{l} y_2(0) = 0 \\ y_2'(0) = 1 \end{array} \right. \right.$$ Show that: $$\forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \quad y_1(t) y_2'(t) - y_1'(t) y_2(t) = 1$$
Let $q : \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ be a continuous application, periodic with period $T > 0$. We consider the differential equation
$$y'' + qy = 0 \tag{1}$$
Let $y_1$ and $y_2$ be the solutions in $\mathscr{C}^2(\mathbb{R}, \mathbb{C})$ to (1) satisfying
$$\left\{ \begin{array}{l} y_1(0) = 1 \\ y_1'(0) = 0 \end{array} \quad \text{and} \quad \left\{ \begin{array}{l} y_2(0) = 0 \\ y_2'(0) = 1 \end{array} \right. \right.$$
Show that:
$$\forall t \in \mathbb{R}, \quad y_1(t) y_2'(t) - y_1'(t) y_2(t) = 1$$