gaokao 2025 Q15

gaokao · China · national-I_eol 13 marks Chi-squared test of independence
(13 points) To study the relationship between a certain disease and ultrasound examination results, 1000 people who had undergone ultrasound examination were randomly surveyed, yielding the following contingency table:
NormalAbnormalTotal
Has disease20180200
Does not have disease78020800
Total8002001000

(1) Let $p$ denote the probability that a person with abnormal ultrasound examination results has the disease. Find the estimated value of $p$.
(2) Based on the significance level $\alpha = 0.001$ for the independence test, analyze whether the ultrasound examination result is related to having the disease. Attachment: $\chi^2 = \frac{n(ad - bc)^2}{(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)}$,
$P(\chi^2 \geq k)$0.0500.0100.001
$k$3.8416.63510.828
.
(13 points)\\
To study the relationship between a certain disease and ultrasound examination results, 1000 people who had undergone ultrasound examination were randomly surveyed, yielding the following contingency table:

\begin{center}
\begin{tabular}{ | l | l | l | l | }
\hline
 & Normal & Abnormal & Total \\
\hline
Has disease & 20 & 180 & 200 \\
\hline
Does not have disease & 780 & 20 & 800 \\
\hline
Total & 800 & 200 & 1000 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}
\end{center}

(1) Let $p$ denote the probability that a person with abnormal ultrasound examination results has the disease. Find the estimated value of $p$.\\
(2) Based on the significance level $\alpha = 0.001$ for the independence test, analyze whether the ultrasound examination result is related to having the disease.\\
Attachment: $\chi^2 = \frac{n(ad - bc)^2}{(a+b)(c+d)(a+c)(b+d)}$, \begin{tabular}{ c | r r r }
$P(\chi^2 \geq k)$ & 0.050 & 0.010 & 0.001 \\
\hline
$k$ & 3.841 & 6.635 & 10.828 \\
\hline
\end{tabular}.