grandes-ecoles 2023 Q15

grandes-ecoles · France · mines-ponts-maths2__pc Second order differential equations Qualitative and asymptotic analysis of solutions
We consider the Euclidean space $E = \mathscr{M}_{N,1}(\mathbf{R})$ equipped with the inner product $\langle X, Y \rangle = \sum_{i=1}^{N} X[i] Y[i] \pi[i]$, and the matrix $H_t$ defined by $\forall (i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2, H_t[i,j] = e^{-t} \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^n K^n[i,j]}{n!}$. Let $X \in E$. We denote by $\psi_X$ the function defined from $\mathbf{R}$ to $E$ by $\psi_X : t \mapsto H_t X$ and $\varphi_X$ the function defined from $\mathbf{R}$ to $\mathbf{R}$ by $\varphi_X : t \mapsto \|H_t X\|^2$. Justify that $\psi_X$ is differentiable and that for all $t$ in $\mathbf{R}$, $$\psi_X'(t) = -(I_N - K) H_t X$$
We consider the Euclidean space $E = \mathscr{M}_{N,1}(\mathbf{R})$ equipped with the inner product $\langle X, Y \rangle = \sum_{i=1}^{N} X[i] Y[i] \pi[i]$, and the matrix $H_t$ defined by $\forall (i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2, H_t[i,j] = e^{-t} \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^n K^n[i,j]}{n!}$.\\
Let $X \in E$. We denote by $\psi_X$ the function defined from $\mathbf{R}$ to $E$ by $\psi_X : t \mapsto H_t X$ and $\varphi_X$ the function defined from $\mathbf{R}$ to $\mathbf{R}$ by $\varphi_X : t \mapsto \|H_t X\|^2$.\\
Justify that $\psi_X$ is differentiable and that for all $t$ in $\mathbf{R}$,
$$\psi_X'(t) = -(I_N - K) H_t X$$