grandes-ecoles 2023 Q20

grandes-ecoles · France · mines-ponts-maths2__pc Chain Rule Derivative of Composite Function in Applied/Modeling Context
We consider the matrix $H_t$ defined by $\forall (i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2, H_t[i,j] = e^{-t} \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^n K^n[i,j]}{n!}$, and $\pi$ the stationary probability. Show that for all $(i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2$ and all $t \in \mathbf{R}_+$, $$H_t[i,j] - \pi[j] = \sum_{k=1}^{N} \left(H_{t/2}[i,k] - \pi[k]\right)\left(H_{t/2}[k,j] - \pi[j]\right)$$ One may use question 5.
We consider the matrix $H_t$ defined by $\forall (i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2, H_t[i,j] = e^{-t} \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{t^n K^n[i,j]}{n!}$, and $\pi$ the stationary probability.\\
Show that for all $(i,j) \in \llbracket 1;N \rrbracket^2$ and all $t \in \mathbf{R}_+$,
$$H_t[i,j] - \pi[j] = \sum_{k=1}^{N} \left(H_{t/2}[i,k] - \pi[k]\right)\left(H_{t/2}[k,j] - \pi[j]\right)$$
One may use question 5.