grandes-ecoles 2024 Q4

grandes-ecoles · France · centrale-maths2__official Sequences and Series Properties and Manipulation of Power Series or Formal Series
We denote by $\Delta_{d}$ the endomorphism of $\mathbb{K}_{d}[X]$ induced by $\Delta$, where $\Delta(P) = P(X+1) - P(X)$. Determine $\operatorname{Ker}(\Delta_{d})$ and $\operatorname{Im}(\Delta_{d})$ for all $d \in \mathbb{N}^{*}$.
We denote by $\Delta_{d}$ the endomorphism of $\mathbb{K}_{d}[X]$ induced by $\Delta$, where $\Delta(P) = P(X+1) - P(X)$. Determine $\operatorname{Ker}(\Delta_{d})$ and $\operatorname{Im}(\Delta_{d})$ for all $d \in \mathbb{N}^{*}$.