Curve Sketching

Question Types
All Questions
Q72. Let the range of the function $f ( x ) = \frac { 1 } { 2 + \sin 3 x + \cos 3 x } , x \in \mathbb { R }$ be $[ a , b ]$. If $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are respectively the A.M. and the G.M. of $a$ and $b$, then $\frac { \alpha } { \beta }$ is equal to
(1) $\pi$
(2) $\sqrt { \pi }$
(3) 2
(4) $\sqrt { 2 }$
Q86. Let $[ \mathrm { t } ]$ denote the greatest integer less than or equal to t . Let $f : [ 0 , \infty ) \rightarrow \mathbf { R }$ be a function defined by $f ( x ) = \left[ \frac { x } { 2 } + 3 \right] - [ \sqrt { x } ]$. Let $S$ be the set of all points in the interval $[ 0,8 ]$ at which $f$ is not continuous. Then $\sum _ { \mathrm { a } \in \mathrm { S } } \mathrm { a }$ is equal to $\_\_\_\_$
The minimum value of $3 \sin ^ { 2 } \theta + \cos ^ { 2 } \theta - 6 \sin \theta \cos \theta + 2$, where $\theta \in \left( 0 , \frac { \pi } { 2 } \right)$ (A) $\mathbf { 4 } + \sqrt { \mathbf { 1 0 } }$ (B) - 1 (C) 1 (D) $4 - \sqrt { 10 }$
Let $\mathrm { f } ( \mathrm { x } ) = \min \left\{ \sqrt { 2 } \mathrm { x } , \mathrm { x } ^ { 2 } \right\}$ and $\mathrm { g } ( \mathrm { x } ) = | x | \left[ x ^ { 2 } \right ]$
If $x \in ( - 2,2 )$ then sum of all values of $f ( x )$ at those $x$ values where $g ( x )$ is non-differentiable ([.] denotes GIF). (A) $2 - \sqrt { 3 }$ (B) $1 / - \sqrt { 3 }$ (C) [answer] (D) $2 - \sqrt { 2 }$
Let $a \neq 0$. Let $G$ be a curve which is symmetric with respect to the origin $(0,0)$ to the graph of the quadratic function in $x$
$$y = ax^2 - 4x - 4a. \tag{1}$$
(1) The coordinates of the vertex of the graph of (1) are
$$\left( \frac{\mathbf{A}}{a}, -\frac{\mathbf{B}}{a} - 4a \right).$$
(2) Among the following choices, the quadratic function whose graph is $G$ is $\square$ C. (0) $y = ax^2 + 4x + 4a$
(1) $y = ax^2 + 4x - 4a$
(2) $y = ax^2 - 4x + 4a$
(3) $y = -ax^2 + 4x + 4a$
(4) $y = -ax^2 - 4x + 4a$
(5) $y = -ax^2 - 4x - 4a$
(3) The curve $G$ intersects the graph of the quadratic function (1) at the two points
$$(\mathrm{DE},\ \mathrm{F}) \text{ and } (\mathrm{G},\ \mathrm{HI}).$$
(4) Let $a = 2$. Then over the interval $\mathrm{DE} \leqq x \leqq \square\mathrm{G}$, the maximum and the minimum values of the quadratic function whose graph is $G$ are JK and LM, respectively.
Consider the two parabolas $$\begin{aligned} \ell : & & y = ax^2 + 2bx + c \\ m : & & y = (a+1)x^2 + 2(b+2)x + c + 3. \end{aligned}$$ Four points A, B, C and D are assumed to be in the relative positions shown in the figure. One of the two parabolas passes through the three points A, B and C, and the other one passes through the three points B, C and D.
(1) The parabola passing through the three points A, B and C is $\mathbf{A}$. Here, for $\mathbf{A}$ choose the correct answer from (0) or (1), just below. (0) parabola $\ell$ (1) parabola $m$
(2) Since both parabolas $\ell$ and $m$ pass through the two points B and C, the $x$-coordinates of B and C are the solutions of the quadratic equation $$x^2 + \mathbf{B}x + \mathbf{C} = 0.$$ Hence, the $x$-coordinate of point B is $\mathbf{DE}$, and the $x$-coordinate of point C is $\mathbf{FG}$.
(3) In particular, we are to find the values of $a$, $b$ and $c$ when $\mathrm{AB} = \mathrm{BC}$ and $\mathrm{CO} = \mathrm{OD}$.
Since the two points C and D are symmetric with respect to the $y$-axis, we have $b = \mathbf{H}$. On the other hand, since $\mathrm{AB} = \mathrm{BC}$, the straight line $x = \mathbf{IJ}$ is the axis of symmetry of $\mathbf{A}$. Hence we have $a = -\frac{\mathbf{K}}{\mathbf{L}}$. And we have $c = \frac{\mathbf{M}}{\mathbf{L}}$.
Consider the two parabolas $$\begin{aligned} \ell : & & y = ax^2 + 2bx + c \\ m : & & y = (a+1)x^2 + 2(b+2)x + c + 3. \end{aligned}$$ Four points A, B, C and D are assumed to be in the relative positions shown in the figure. One of the two parabolas passes through the three points A, B and C, and the other one passes through the three points B, C and D.
(1) The parabola passing through the three points A, B and C is $\mathbf{A}$. Here, for $\mathbf{A}$ choose the correct answer from (0) or (1), just below. (0) parabola $\ell$ (1) parabola $m$
(2) Since both parabolas $\ell$ and $m$ pass through the two points B and C, the $x$-coordinates of B and C are the solutions of the quadratic equation $$x^2 + \mathbf{B}x + \mathbf{C} = 0.$$ Hence, the $x$-coordinate of point B is $\mathbf{DE}$, and the $x$-coordinate of point C is $\mathbf{FG}$.
(3) In particular, we are to find the values of $a$, $b$ and $c$ when $\mathrm{AB} = \mathrm{BC}$ and $\mathrm{CO} = \mathrm{OD}$.
Since the two points C and D are symmetric with respect to the $y$-axis, we have $b = \mathbf{H}$. On the other hand, since $\mathrm{AB} = \mathrm{BC}$, the straight line $x = \mathbf{IJ}$ is the axis of symmetry of $\mathbf{A}$. Hence we have $a = -\frac{\mathbf{K}}{\mathbf{L}}$. And we have $c = \frac{\mathbf{M}}{\mathbf{L}}$.
Consider the real numbers $a$ and $b$ such that the equation in $x$
$$| x - 3 | + | x - 6 | = a x + b \tag{1}$$
has a solution.
Set the left side of (1) as $y = | x - 3 | + | x - 6 |$. This can be represented without using the absolute value signs in the following way.
$$\begin{array} { l l } \text { If } x < \mathbf { A } , & \text { then } y = - \mathbf { B } x + \mathbf { C } ; \\ \text { if } \mathbf { A } \leqq x < \mathbf { D } , & \text { then } y = \mathbf { E } ; \\ \text { if } \mathbf { D } \leqq x , & \text { then } y = \mathbf { F } x - \mathbf { G } . \end{array}$$
Next, let us consider the common point(s) of the graph of this function and the straight line $y = a x + b$ on the $x y$-plane. Then we see the following:
(i) If $a = 1$, then the range of the values of $b$ such that (1) has one or more solutions is
$$b \geqq \mathbf { H I } .$$
(ii) If $b = 6$, then the range of the values of $a$ such that (1) has two different solutions is
$$\mathbf { J K } < a < \mathbf { L }.$$
For any $x$ and $y$ satisfying $x > 0$ and $y > 0$, let $m$ be the smallest value among $\frac { y } { x } , x$ and $\frac { 8 } { y }$.
Also, let $A$ be the set of points $( x , y )$ where $m = \frac { y } { x }$, and let $B$ be the set of points $( x , y )$ where $m = \frac { 8 } { y }$.
(1) For $\mathbf { M } \sim$ S in the following sentence, choose the correct answer from among choices (0) $\sim$ (7) below. $A$ and $B$ can be expressed as follows:
$$\begin{aligned} & A = \{ ( x , y ) \mid \mathbf { M } \leqq \mathbf { N } , \quad \mathbf { O } \leqq 8\mathbf { P } \} \\ & B = \{ ( x , y ) \mid 8 \mathbf { Q } \leqq \mathbf { R } , \quad 8 \leqq \mathbf { S } \} . \end{aligned}$$
(0) $x$
(1) $y$
(2) $x + y$
(3) $x - y$
(4) $x ^ { 2 }$
(5) $x y$ (6) $y ^ { 2 }$ (7) $x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 2 }$
(2) For $\mathbf { T }$ and $\mathbf { U }$ in the following sentence, choose the correct answer from among choices (0) $\sim$ (8).
When sets $A$ and $B$ are indicated on the $xy$-plane, $A$ is the shaded portion of graph $\mathbf{T}$ and $B$ is the shaded portion of graph $\mathbf{U}$. Note that the $x$ and $y$ axes are not included in the shaded portions.
(3) We are to find the maximum value of $m$ when a point $\mathrm { P } ( x , y )$ moves within $A \cup B$.
When $\mathrm { P } ( x , y ) \in A$, since $y = m x$, we need to find the point P which maximizes the slope of the straight line passing through the origin O and P.
Also, when $\mathrm { P } ( x , y ) \in B$, since $m = \frac { 8 } { y }$, we need to find the point P at which the $y$ coordinate of P is minimized.
From the above, at $( x , y ) = ( \mathbf { V } , \mathbf { W } ) , m$ takes the maximum value $\mathbf { X }$.
Let $a$ be a real number satisfying $a \geqq 0$. We are to express the maximum value $M$ of the function $f(x) = |x^2 - 2x|$ on the range $a \leqq x \leqq a + 1$ in terms of $a$. Furthermore, we are to find the minimum value of $M$ over the range $a \geqq 0$.
(1) The function $f(x)$ can be expressed without using the absolute value symbol as follows: when $x \leqq \mathbf{M}$ or $x \geqq \mathbf{N}$, then $f(x) = x^2 - 2x$; when $\mathbf{M} < x < \mathbf{N}$, then $f(x) = -x^2 + 2x$.
Hence, the maximum value of $f(x)$ on $a \leqq x \leqq a + 1$ is the following: when $0 \leqq a \leqq \mathbf{O}$, then $M = \mathbf{P}$; when $\mathbf{O} < a \leqq \frac{\mathbf{Q} + \sqrt{\mathbf{R}}}{\mathbf{S}}$, then $M = -a^2 + \frac{\mathbf{T}}{\mathbf{S}}a$; when $a > \frac{\mathbf{Q} + \sqrt{\mathbf{R}}}{\mathbf{S}}$, then $M = a^2 - \mathbf{U}$.
(2) The minimum value of $M$ over the range $a \geqq 0$ is $\frac{\sqrt{\mathbf{V}}}{\mathbf{W}}$.
2. For ALL APPLICANTS.
Let
$$f _ { n } ( x ) = \left( 2 + ( - 2 ) ^ { n } \right) x ^ { 2 } + ( n + 3 ) x + n ^ { 2 }$$
where $n$ is a positive integer and $x$ is any real number.
(i) Write down $f _ { 3 } ( x )$.
Find the maximum value of $f _ { 3 } ( x )$. For what values of $n$ does $f _ { n } ( x )$ have a maximum value (as $x$ varies)? [0pt] [Note you are not being asked to calculate the value of this maximum.]
(ii) Write down $f _ { 1 } ( x )$.
Calculate $f _ { 1 } \left( f _ { 1 } ( x ) \right)$ and $f _ { 1 } \left( f _ { 1 } \left( f _ { 1 } ( x ) \right) \right)$. Find an expression, simplified as much as possible, for
$$f _ { 1 } \left( f _ { 1 } \left( f _ { 1 } \left( \cdots f _ { 1 } ( x ) \right) \right) \right)$$
where $f _ { 1 }$ is applied $k$ times. [Here $k$ is a positive integer.]
(iii) Write down $f _ { 2 } ( x )$.
The function
$$f _ { 2 } \left( f _ { 2 } \left( f _ { 2 } \left( \cdots f _ { 2 } ( x ) \right) \right) \right) ,$$
where $f _ { 2 }$ is applied $k$ times, is a polynomial in $x$. What is the degree of this polynomial?
Q1 & Q2 & Q3 & Q4 & Q5 & Q6 & Q7 & Total \hline & & & & & & & \hline \end{tabular}
1. For ALL APPLICANTS.
For each part of the question on pages $3 - 7$ you will be given four possible answers, just one of which is correct. Indicate for each part $\mathbf { A } - \mathbf { J }$ which answer (a), (b), (c), or (d) you think is correct with a tick $( \checkmark )$ in the corresponding column in the table below. Please show any rough working in the space provided between the parts.
(a)(b)(c)(d)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

A. The values of $k$ for which the line $y = k x$ intersects the parabola $y = ( x - 1 ) ^ { 2 }$ are precisely
(a) $k \leqslant 0$,
(b) $k \geqslant - 4$,
(c) $k \geqslant 0$ or $k \leqslant - 4$,
(d) $- 4 \leqslant k \leqslant 0$.
B. The sum of the first $2 n$ terms of
$$1,1,2 , \frac { 1 } { 2 } , 4 , \frac { 1 } { 4 } , 8 , \frac { 1 } { 8 } , 16 , \frac { 1 } { 16 } , \ldots$$
is
(a) $2 ^ { n } + 1 - 2 ^ { 1 - n }$,
(b) $\quad 2 ^ { n } + 2 ^ { - n }$,
(c) $2 ^ { 2 n } - 2 ^ { 3 - 2 n }$,
(d) $\frac { 2 ^ { n } - 2 ^ { - n } } { 3 }$.
C. In the range $0 \leqslant x < 2 \pi$, the equation
$$\sin ^ { 2 } x + 3 \sin x \cos x + 2 \cos ^ { 2 } x = 0$$
has
(a) 1 solution,
(b) 2 solutions,
(c) 3 solutions,
(d) 4 solutions.
D. The graph of $y = \sin ^ { 2 } \sqrt { x }$ is drawn in
[Figure]
(a)
[Figure]
(b)
[Figure]
(c)
[Figure]
(d)
E. Which is the largest of the following four numbers?
(a) $\quad \log _ { 2 } 3$,
(b) $\quad \log _ { 4 } 8$,
(c) $\quad \log _ { 3 } 2$,
(d) $\quad \log _ { 5 } 10$. F. The graph $y = f ( x )$ of a function is drawn below for $0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$. [Figure]
The trapezium rule is then used to estimate
$$\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } f ( x ) \mathrm { d } x$$
by dividing $0 \leqslant x \leqslant 1$ into $n$ equal intervals. The estimate calculated will equal the actual integral when
(a) $n$ is a multiple of 4 ;
(b) $n$ is a multiple of 6 ;
(c) $n$ is a multiple of 8 ;
(d) $n$ is a multiple of 12 .
Turn Over G. The function $f$, defined for whole positive numbers, satisfies $f ( 1 ) = 1$ and also the rules
$$\begin{aligned} f ( 2 n ) & = 2 f ( n ) , \\ f ( 2 n + 1 ) & = 4 f ( n ) , \end{aligned}$$
for all values of $n$. How many numbers $n$ satisfy $f ( n ) = 16$ ?
(a) 3 ,
(b) 4,
(c) 5 ,
(d) 6 . H. Given a positive integer $n$ and a real number $k$, consider the following equation in $x$,
$$( x - 1 ) ( x - 2 ) ( x - 3 ) \times \cdots \times ( x - n ) = k$$
Which of the following statements about this equation is true?
(a) If $n = 3$, then the equation has no real solution $x$ for some values of $k$.
(b) If $n$ is even, then the equation has a real solution $x$ for any given value of $k$.
(c) If $k \geqslant 0$ then the equation has (at least) one real solution $x$.
(d) The equation never has a repeated solution $x$ for any given values of $k$ and $n$. I. For a positive number $a$, let
$$I ( a ) = \int _ { 0 } ^ { a } \left( 4 - 2 ^ { x ^ { 2 } } \right) \mathrm { d } x$$
Then $\mathrm { d } I / \mathrm { d } a = 0$ when $a$ equals
(a) $\frac { 1 + \sqrt { 5 } } { 2 }$,
(b) $\sqrt { 2 }$,
(c) $\frac { \sqrt { 5 } - 1 } { 2 }$,
(d) 1 . J. Let $a , b , c$ be positive numbers. There are finitely many positive whole numbers $x , y$ which satisfy the inequality
$$a ^ { x } > c b ^ { y }$$
if
(a) $a > 1$ or $b < 1$.
(b) $a < 1$ or $b < 1$.
(c) $a < 1$ and $b < 1$.
(d) $a < 1$ and $b > 1$.
Question 1 is a multiple choice question with ten parts. Marks are given solely for correct answers but any rough working should be shown in the space between parts. Answer Question 1 on the grid on Page 2. Each part is worth 4 marks.
Answers to questions 2-7 should be written in the space provided, continuing on to the blank pages at the end of this booklet if necessary. Each of Questions 2-7 is worth 15 marks.
For Test Supervisors Use Only:
[ ] Tick here if special arrangements were made for the test. Please either include details below or securely attach to the test script a letter with the details. $\_\_\_\_$
FOR OFFICE USE ONLY:
\begin{table}[h]
Signature of Invigilator:
Q1Q2Q3Q4Q5Q6Q7

\end{table}
1. For ALL APPLICANTS.
For each part of the question on pages $3 - 7$ you will be given four possible answers, just one of which is correct. Indicate for each part $\mathbf { A } - \mathbf { J }$ which answer (a), (b), (c), or (d) you think is correct with a tick $( \checkmark )$ in the corresponding column in the table below. Please show any rough working in the space provided between the parts.
(a)(b)(c)(d)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

A. A sketch of the graph $y = x ^ { 3 } - x ^ { 2 } - x + 1$ appears on which of the following axes?
[Figure]
(a)
[Figure]
(b)
[Figure]
(c)
[Figure]
(d)
B. A rectangle has perimeter $P$ and area $A$. The values $P$ and $A$ must satisfy
(a) $P ^ { 3 } > A$,
(b) $A ^ { 2 } > 2 P + 1$,
(c) $P ^ { 2 } \geqslant 16 \mathrm {~A}$,
(d) $P A \geqslant A + P$.
C. The sequence $x _ { n }$ is given by the formula
$$x _ { n } = n ^ { 3 } - 9 n ^ { 2 } + 631 .$$
The largest value of $n$ for which $x _ { n } > x _ { n + 1 }$ is
(a) 5 ,
(b) 7,
(c) 11,
(d) 17 .
D. The fraction of the interval $0 \leqslant x \leqslant 2 \pi$, for which one (or both) of the inequalities
$$\sin x \geqslant \frac { 1 } { 2 } , \quad \sin 2 x \geqslant \frac { 1 } { 2 }$$
is true, equals
(a) $\frac { 1 } { 3 }$,
(b) $\frac { 13 } { 24 }$,
(c) $\frac { 7 } { 12 }$,
(d) $\frac { 5 } { 8 }$.
E. The circle in the diagram has centre $C$. Three angles $\alpha , \beta , \gamma$ are also indicated. [Figure]
The angles $\alpha , \beta , \gamma$ are related by the equation:
(a) $\cos \alpha = \sin ( \beta + \gamma )$;
(b) $\sin \beta = \sin \alpha \sin \gamma$;
(c) $\sin \beta ( 1 - \cos \alpha ) = \sin \gamma$;
(d) $\sin ( \alpha + \beta ) = \cos \gamma \sin \alpha$. F. Given $\theta$ in the range $0 \leqslant \theta < \pi$, the equation
$$x ^ { 2 } + y ^ { 2 } + 4 x \cos \theta + 8 y \sin \theta + 10 = 0$$
represents a circle for
(a) $0 < \theta < \frac { \pi } { 3 }$,
(b) $\frac { \pi } { 4 } < \theta < \frac { 3 \pi } { 4 }$,
(c) $0 < \theta < \frac { \pi } { 2 }$,
(d) all values of $\theta$. G. A graph of the function $y = f ( x )$ is sketched on the axes below: [Figure]
The value of $\int _ { - 1 } ^ { 1 } f \left( x ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) \mathrm { d } x$ equals
(a) $\frac { 1 } { 4 }$,
(b) $\frac { 1 } { 3 }$,
(c) $\frac { 3 } { 5 }$,
(d) $\frac { 2 } { 3 }$. H. The number of positive values $x$ which satisfy the equation
$$x = 8 ^ { \log _ { 2 } x } - 9 ^ { \log _ { 3 } x } - 4 ^ { \log _ { 2 } x } + \log _ { 0.5 } 0.25$$
is
(a) 0 ,
(b) 1,
(c) 2 ,
(d) 3 . I. In the range $0 \leqslant x < 2 \pi$ the equation
$$\sin ^ { 8 } x + \cos ^ { 6 } x = 1$$
has
(a) 3 solutions ,
(b) 4 solutions,
(c) 6 solutions,
(d) 8 solutions. J. The function $f ( n )$ is defined for positive integers $n$ according to the rules $f ( 1 ) = 1$, $f ( 2 n ) = f ( n )$, $f ( 2 n + 1 ) = ( f ( n ) ) ^ { 2 } - 2$.
The value of $f ( 1 ) + f ( 2 ) + f ( 3 ) + \cdots + f ( 100 )$ is
(a) -86,
(b) -31,
(c) 23 ,
(d) 58.
3. For APPLICANTS IN $\left\{ \begin{array} { l } \text { MATHEMATICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& STATISTICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& PHILOSOPHY } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& COMPUTER SCIENCE } \end{array} \right\}$ ONLY.
Computer Science and Computer Science \& Philosophy applicants should turn to page 14.
Let $g ( x )$ be the function defined by
$$g ( x ) = \begin{cases} ( x - 1 ) ^ { 2 } + 1 & \text { if } x \geqslant 0 \\ 3 - ( x + 1 ) ^ { 2 } & \text { if } x \leqslant 0 \end{cases}$$
and for $x \neq 0$ write $m ( x )$ for the gradient of the chord between ( $0 , g ( 0 )$ ) and ( $x , g ( x )$ ).
(i) Sketch the graph $y = g ( x )$ for $- 3 \leqslant x \leqslant 3$.
(ii) Write down expressions for $m ( x )$ in the two cases $x \geqslant 0$ and $x < 0$.
(iii) Show that $m ( x ) + 2 = x$ for $x > 0$. What is the value of $m ( x ) + 2$ when $x < 0$ ?
(iv) Explain why $g$ has derivative - 2 at 0 .
(v) Suppose that $p < q$ and that $h ( x )$ is a cubic with a maximum at $x = p$ and a minimum at $x = q$. Show that $h ^ { \prime } ( x ) < 0$ whenever $p < x < q$.
Suppose that $c$ and $d$ are real numbers and that there is a cubic $h ( x )$ with a maximum at $x = - 1$ and a minimum at $x = 1$ such that $h ^ { \prime } ( 0 ) = - 3 c$ and $h ( 0 ) = d$.
(vi) Show that $c > 0$ and find a formula for $h ( x )$ in terms of $c$ and $d$ (and $x$ ).
(vii) Show that there are no values of $c$ and $d$ such that the graphs of $y = g ( x )$ and $y = h ( x )$ are the same for $- 3 \leqslant x \leqslant 3$.
1. For ALL APPLICANTS.
For each part of the question on pages $3 - 7$ you will be given five possible answers, just one of which is correct. Indicate for each part $\mathbf { A } - \mathbf { J }$ which answer (a), (b), (c), (d), or (e) you think is correct with a tick $( \sqrt { } )$ in the corresponding column in the table below. Please show any rough working in the space provided between the parts.
(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J

A. A square has centre ( 3,4 ) and one corner at ( 1,5 ). Another corner is at
(a) $( 1,3 )$,
(b) $( 5,5 )$,
(c) $( 4,2 )$,
(d) $( 2,2 )$,
(e) $( 5,2 )$.
B. What is the value of $\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \left( e ^ { x } - x \right) \left( e ^ { x } + x \right) \mathrm { d } x$ ?
(a) $\frac { 3 e ^ { 2 } - 2 } { 6 }$,
(b) $\frac { 3 e ^ { 2 } + 2 } { 6 }$,
(c) $\frac { 2 e ^ { 2 } - 3 } { 6 }$,
(d) $\frac { 3 e ^ { 2 } - 5 } { 6 }$,
(e) $\frac { e ^ { 2 } + 3 } { 6 }$.
C. The sum
$$1 - 4 + 9 - 16 + \cdots + 99 ^ { 2 } - 100 ^ { 2 }$$
equals
(a) - 101
(b) - 1000
(c) -1111
(d) - 4545
(e) $\quad - 5050$.
D. The largest value achieved by $3 \cos ^ { 2 } x + 2 \sin x + 1$ equals
(a) $\frac { 11 } { 5 }$,
(b) $\frac { 13 } { 3 }$,
(c) $\frac { 12 } { 5 }$,
(d) $\frac { 14 } { 9 }$,
(e) $\frac { 12 } { 7 }$.
E. A line is tangent to the parabola $y = x ^ { 2 }$ at the point $\left( a , a ^ { 2 } \right)$ where $a > 0$. The area of the region bounded by the parabola, the tangent line, and the $x$-axis equals
(a) $\frac { a ^ { 2 } } { 3 }$,
(b) $\frac { 2 a ^ { 2 } } { 3 }$,
(c) $\frac { a ^ { 3 } } { 12 }$,
(d) $\frac { 5 a ^ { 3 } } { 6 }$,
(e) $\frac { a ^ { 4 } } { 10 }$. F. Which of the following expressions is equal to $\log _ { 10 } ( 10 \times 9 \times 8 \times \cdots \times 2 \times 1 )$ ?
(a) $1 + 5 \log _ { 10 } 2 + 4 \log _ { 10 } 6$,
(b) $1 + 4 \log _ { 10 } 2 + 2 \log _ { 10 } 6 + \log _ { 10 } 7$,
(c) $2 + 2 \log _ { 10 } 2 + 4 \log _ { 10 } 6 + \log _ { 10 } 7$,
(d) $2 + 6 \log _ { 10 } 2 + 4 \log _ { 10 } 6 + \log _ { 10 } 7$,
(e) $2 + 6 \log _ { 10 } 2 + 4 \log _ { 10 } 6$. G. A cubic has equation $y = x ^ { 3 } + a x ^ { 2 } + b x + c$ and has turning points at $( 1,2 )$ and $( 3 , d )$ for some $d$. What is the value of $d$ ?
(a) - 4 ,
(b) - 2 ,
(c) 0 ,
(d) 2 ,
(e) 4 . H. The following five graphs are, in some order, plots of $y = f ( x ) , y = g ( x ) , y = h ( x )$, $y = \frac { \mathrm { d } f } { \mathrm {~d} x }$ and $y = \frac { \mathrm { d } g } { \mathrm {~d} x }$; that is, three unknown functions and the derivatives of the first two of those functions. Which graph is a plot of $h ( x )$ ? [Figure]
(b) [Figure]
(c) [Figure]
(d) [Figure]
(e) [Figure]
I. In the range $- 90 ^ { \circ } < x < 90 ^ { \circ }$, how many values of $x$ are there for which the sum to infinity
$$\frac { 1 } { \tan x } + \frac { 1 } { \tan ^ { 2 } x } + \frac { 1 } { \tan ^ { 3 } x } + \ldots$$
equals $\tan x$ ?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3
(e) 4 . J. Consider a square with side length 2 and centre ( 0,0 ), and a circle with radius $r$ and centre $( 0,0 )$. Let $A ( r )$ be the area of the region that is inside the circle but outside the square, and let $B ( r )$ be the area of the region that is inside the square but outside the circle. Which of the following is a sketch of $A ( r ) + B ( r )$ ? [Figure] [Figure] [Figure] [Figure] [Figure]
4. For APPLICANTS IN $\left\{ \begin{array} { l } \text { MATHEMATICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& STATISTICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& PHILOSOPHY } \end{array} \right\}$ ONLY. Mathematics \& Computer Science, Computer Science and Computer Science \& Philosophy applicants should turn to page 20.
(i) A function $f ( x )$ is said to be even if $f ( - x ) = f ( x )$ for all $x$. A function is said to be odd if $f ( - x ) = - f ( - x )$ for all $x$.
(a) What symmetry does the graph $y = f ( x )$ of an even function have? What symmetry does the graph $y = f ( x )$ of an odd function have? [0pt] (b) Use these symmetries to show that the derivative of an even function is an odd function, and that the derivative of an odd function is an even function. [You should not use the chain rule.]
(ii) For $- 45 ^ { \circ } < \theta < 45 ^ { \circ }$, the line $L$ makes an angle $\theta$ with the line $y = x$ as drawn in the figure below. Let $A ( \theta )$ denote the area of the triangle which is bounded by the $x$-axis, the line $x + y = 1$ and the line $L$. [Figure]
(a) Let $0 < \theta < 45 ^ { \circ }$. Arguing geometrically, explain why
$$A ( \theta ) + A ( - \theta ) = \frac { 1 } { 2 } .$$
(b) For $0 < \theta < 45 ^ { \circ }$, determine a formula for $A ( \theta )$.
(c) Sketch the graph of $A ( \theta )$ against $\theta$ for $- 45 ^ { \circ } < \theta < 45 ^ { \circ }$.
(d) In light of the identity in part (ii)(a), what symmetry does the graph of $A ( \theta )$ have?
(e) Without explicitly differentiating, explain why $\frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { 2 } A } { \mathrm {~d} \theta ^ { 2 } } = 0$ when $\theta = 0$.
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3. For APPLICANTS IN $\left\{ \begin{array} { l } \text { MATHEMATICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& STATISTICS } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& PHILOSOPHY } \\ \text { MATHEMATICS \& COMPUTER SCIENCE } \end{array} \right\}$ ONLY.
Computer Science and Computer Science \& Philosophy applicants should turn to page 20.
(i) Sketch $y = \left( x ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) ^ { n }$ for $n = 2$ and for $n = 3$ on the same axes, labelling any points that lie on both curves, or that lie on either the $x$-axis or the $y$-axis.
(ii) Without calculating the integral explicitly, explain why there is no positive value of $a$ such that $\int _ { 0 } ^ { a } \left( x ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) ^ { n } \mathrm {~d} x = 0$ if $n$ is even.
If $n > 0$ is odd we will write $n = 2 m - 1$ and define $a _ { m } > 0$ to be the positive real number that satisfies
$$\int _ { 0 } ^ { a _ { m } } \left( x ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) ^ { 2 m - 1 } \mathrm {~d} x = 0$$
if such a number exists.
(iii) Explain why such a number $a _ { m }$ exists for each whole number $m \geqslant 1$.
(iv) Find $a _ { 1 }$.
(v) Prove that $\sqrt { 2 } < a _ { 2 } < \sqrt { 3 }$.
(vi) Without calculating further integrals, find the approximate value of $a _ { m }$ when $m$ is a very large positive whole number. You may use without proof the fact that $\int _ { 0 } ^ { \sqrt { 2 } } \left( x ^ { 2 } - 1 \right) ^ { 2 m - 1 } \mathrm {~d} x < 0$ for any sufficiently large whole number $m$.
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A strictly increasing linear function $f ( x )$ has the property that if $y > x$ then $f ( y ) > f ( x )$. A student claims that if $f ( x )$ and $g ( x )$ are both strictly increasing linear functions, then so is $f ( x ) \cdot g ( x )$. Is the student correct? If so, prove the student's claim. Otherwise, find a counterexample.
Consider the function $f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l l } 8 e ^ { 2 x - 4 } & \text { if } & x \leq 2 \\ \frac { x ^ { 3 } - 4 x } { x - 2 } & \text { if } & x > 2 \end{array} \right.$ and it is requested:
a) (0.75 points) Study the continuity of $f$ at $x = 2$.
b) (1 point) Calculate the asymptotes of $f ( x )$. Is there any vertical asymptote?
c) (0.75 points) Calculate $\int _ { 0 } ^ { 2 } f ( x ) d x$
Given $f ( x ) = \frac { \ln ( x ) } { x }$, where ln denotes the natural logarithm, defined for $\mathrm { x } > 0$, find: a) ( 0.5 points) Calculate, if it exists, a horizontal asymptote of the curve $\boldsymbol { y } = \boldsymbol { f } ( \boldsymbol { x } )$. b) (1 point) Find a point on the curve $\boldsymbol { y } = \boldsymbol { f } ( \boldsymbol { x } )$ where the tangent line to the curve is horizontal and analyze whether this point is a relative extremum. c) (1 point) Calculate the area of the bounded region limited by the curve $\boldsymbol { y } = \boldsymbol { f } ( \boldsymbol { x } )$ and the lines $\boldsymbol { y } = \mathbf { 0 }$ and $\boldsymbol { x } = \boldsymbol { e }$.
Given the function $f(x) = \left\{ \begin{array}{lll} \frac{x-1}{x^{2}-1} & \text{if} & x < 1, x \neq -1 \\ \frac{x^{2}+1}{4x} & \text{if} & x \geq 1 \end{array} \right.$, find:\ a) (0.5 points) Calculate $f(0)$ and $(f \circ f)(0)$.\ b) (1.25 points) Study the continuity and differentiability of $f(x)$ at $x = 1$ and determine if there exists a relative extremum at that point.\ c) (0.75 points) Study its asymptotes.
Let the function
$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l l } ( x - 1 ) ^ { 2 } & \text { if } & x \leq 1 \\ ( x - 1 ) ^ { 3 } & \text { if } & x > 1 \end{array} \right.$$
a) (0.5 points) Study its continuity on $[ - 4 ; 4 ]$.\ b) (1 point) Analyze its differentiability and growth on [-4;4].\ c) (1 point) Determine whether the function $g ( x ) = f ^ { \prime } ( x )$ is defined, continuous and differentiable at $x = 1$.
Let the function
$$f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l l } \frac { 2 x + 1 } { x } & \text { if } & x < 0 \\ x ^ { 2 } - 4 x + 3 & \text { if } & x \geq 0 \end{array} \right.$$
a) ( 0.75 points) Study the continuity of $f ( x )$ in $\mathbb { R }$. b) ( 0.25 points) Is $f ( x )$ differentiable at $x = 0$ ? Justify your answer. c) ( 0.75 points) Calculate, if they exist, the equations of its horizontal and vertical asymptotes. d) ( 0.75 points) Determine for $x \in ( 0 , \infty )$ the point on the graph of $f ( x )$ where the slope of the tangent line is zero and obtain the equation of the tangent line at that point. At the point obtained, does $f ( x )$ achieve any relative extremum? If so, classify it.
Given the real function of a real variable defined on its domain as $f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l l } \frac { x ^ { 2 } } { 2 + x ^ { 2 } } & \text { if } & x \leq - 1 \\ \frac { 2 x ^ { 2 } } { 3 - 3 x } & \text { if } & x > - 1 \end{array} \right.$, find:\ a) ( 0.75 points) Study the continuity of the function on $\mathbb{R}$.\ b) (1 point) Calculate the following limit: $\lim _ { x \rightarrow - \infty } f ( x ) ^ { 2 x ^ { 2 } - 1 }$.\ c) (0.75 points) Calculate the following integral: $\int _ { - 1 } ^ { 0 } f ( x ) d x$.
Let the function $f ( x ) = \left\{ \begin{array} { l l l } x ^ { 2 } - 6 x + 11 & \text { if } & x < 2 \\ \sqrt { 5 x - 1 } & \text { if } & x \geq 2 \end{array} \right.$. a) ( 0.5 points) Study the continuity of the function in $\mathbb { R }$. b) (1 point) Study the relative extrema of the function in the interval ( 1,3 ). c) (1 point) Calculate the area enclosed by the function and the $x$-axis between $x = 1$ and $x = 3$.