We consider the function $\psi$ defined on $\mathbb{R}$ by
$$\forall x \in \mathbb{R}^{*}, \quad \psi(x) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{\pi x} \quad \text{and} \quad \psi(0) = 1$$
I.B.1) Justify that $\psi$ is expandable as a power series. Specify this expansion and its radius of convergence. Deduce that $\psi$ is of class $C^{\infty}$ on $\mathbb{R}$.
I.B.2) Prove that
$$\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad \int_{n}^{n+1} |\psi(x)| \mathrm{d}x \geqslant \frac{2}{(n+1)\pi^{2}}$$
Deduce that $\psi$ does not belong to $E_{\mathrm{cpm}}$.

Let $f \in \mathcal{S}$.
I.D.1) Justify that, for every natural number $n$, the function $x \mapsto x^{n} f(x)$ is integrable on $\mathbb{R}$.
I.D.2) Prove that the function $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is of class $C^{\infty}$ on $\mathbb{R}$ and that
$$\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad \forall \xi \in \mathbb{R}, \quad (\mathcal{F}(f))^{(n)}(\xi) = (-2\pi\mathrm{i})^{n} \int_{-\infty}^{+\infty} t^{n} f(t) e^{-2\pi\mathrm{i} t\xi} \mathrm{~d}t$$

Let $f$ be a function in $\mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. According to the Fourier inversion formula, we have
$$\forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad f(x) = \int_{-1/2}^{1/2} \mathcal{F}(f)(\xi) e^{2\pi\mathrm{i} x\xi} \mathrm{d}\xi$$
Prove that $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is of class $C^{\infty}$ on $\mathbb{R}$ and that $\mathcal{F}(f) \in \mathcal{S}$. Deduce that $f$ is of class $C^{\infty}$ on $\mathbb{R}$.

Let $f$ be a function in $\mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. According to the Fourier inversion formula, we have
$$\forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad f(x) = \int_{-1/2}^{1/2} \mathcal{F}(f)(\xi) e^{2\pi\mathrm{i} x\xi} \mathrm{d}\xi$$
Prove that
$$\forall (x, x_{0}) \in \mathbb{R}^{2}, \quad \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} \frac{(x-x_{0})^{n}}{n!} \int_{-1/2}^{1/2} (2\pi\mathrm{i}\xi)^{n} \mathcal{F}(f)(\xi) e^{2\pi\mathrm{i} x_{0}\xi} \mathrm{d}\xi = f(x)$$

Let $f$ be a function in $\mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. According to the Fourier inversion formula, we have
$$\forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad f(x) = \int_{-1/2}^{1/2} \mathcal{F}(f)(\xi) e^{2\pi\mathrm{i} x\xi} \mathrm{d}\xi$$
We assume that $f$ is zero outside a segment $[a, b]$. Show that $f = 0$.

Let $f \in \mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. We set
$$\forall k \in \mathbb{Z}, \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad \psi_{k}(x) = \psi(x+k)$$
where $\psi(x) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{\pi x}$ for $x \neq 0$ and $\psi(0) = 1$.
Justify that $\forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \quad (\mathcal{F}(f))^{(n)}\left(\frac{1}{2}\right) = (\mathcal{F}(f))^{(n)}\left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = 0$.

Let $f \in \mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. Let $h$ be the function defined on $\mathbb{R}$, which is 1-periodic and which equals $\mathcal{F}(f)$ on the interval $[-1/2, 1/2]$.
Using the inequality from IV.G, prove the existence of a sequence of complex numbers $(d_{k})_{k \in \mathbb{Z}}$ such that the sequence of functions $\left(x \mapsto \sum_{k=-n}^{n} d_{k} e^{2\pi\mathrm{i} kx}\right)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ converges uniformly to $\mathcal{F}(f)$ on $[-1/2, 1/2]$.

Let $f \in \mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. We set
$$\forall k \in \mathbb{Z}, \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad \psi_{k}(x) = \psi(x+k)$$
where $\psi(x) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{\pi x}$ for $x \neq 0$ and $\psi(0) = 1$.
Let $(d_{k})_{k \in \mathbb{Z}}$ be the sequence of complex numbers from V.C. Prove that the sequence of functions $\left(\sum_{k=-n}^{n} d_{k} \psi_{k}\right)_{n \in \mathbb{N}}$ converges uniformly to $f$ on $\mathbb{R}$.

Let $f \in \mathcal{S}$ whose Fourier transform $\mathcal{F}(f)$ is zero outside the segment $[-1/2, 1/2]$. We set
$$\forall k \in \mathbb{Z}, \quad \forall x \in \mathbb{R}, \quad \psi_{k}(x) = \psi(x+k)$$
where $\psi(x) = \frac{\sin(\pi x)}{\pi x}$ for $x \neq 0$ and $\psi(0) = 1$, and $f = \sum_{k=-\infty}^{+\infty} d_{k} \psi_{k}$ (uniform limit).
Establish that $\forall j \in \mathbb{Z},\ f(-j) = d_{j}$.

A function $f$, defined on $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and with complex values, expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$ if there exists a complex sequence $(a_n)$ such that $$\forall (x,y) \in D(0,R), \quad f(x,y) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (x + \mathrm{i}y)^n$$ We admit the following result: a function $h$ from $D(0,R)$ to $\mathbb{C}$ expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$ if and only if $h$ is of class $\mathcal{C}^1$ on $D(0,R)$ and for all $(x,y) \in D(0,R)$, $\frac{\partial h}{\partial y}(x,y) = \mathrm{i}\frac{\partial h}{\partial x}(x,y)$. Show that if $f$ does not vanish on $D(0,R)$ then $1/f$ expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$.

A function $f$, defined on $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and with complex values, expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$ if there exists a complex sequence $(a_n)$ such that $$\forall (x,y) \in D(0,R), \quad f(x,y) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (x + \mathrm{i}y)^n$$ We denote by $u$ and $v$ the real and imaginary parts of $f$. Show that the function $uv$ is harmonic on $D(0,R)$.

Let $g$ be a function from $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ to $\mathbb{R}$. We assume that $g$ is harmonic. Show that the function $h$ defined on $D(0,R)$ by $$h: (x,y) \longmapsto \frac{\partial g}{\partial x}(x,y) - \mathrm{i}\frac{\partial g}{\partial y}(x,y)$$ expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$.

Show that if $g$ belongs to $\mathcal{H}(D(0,R))$ then there exists a function $H$ that expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$ such that $g$ is the real part of $H$.
One may consider a power series that is a primitive of the power series associated with the function $h$ from the previous question.

Show an analogous result to $f(0) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_0^{2\pi} f(r\cos(t), r\sin(t))\, \mathrm{d}t$ for harmonic functions.

Let $f$ be a function that expands as a power series on $D(0,R)$. Show that $\forall r \in [0, R[$, $|f(0)| \leqslant \sup_{t \in \mathbb{R}} |f(r\cos(t), r\sin(t))|$.

Show an analogous result to $|f(0)| \leqslant \sup_{t \in \mathbb{R}} |f(r\cos(t), r\sin(t))|$ for harmonic functions.

We say that a function $f$, defined on $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and with complex values, expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$ if there exists a complex sequence $(a_n)$ such that $$\forall (x,y) \in D(0,R), \quad f(x,y) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (x + \mathrm{i} y)^n$$ We admit the following result: a function $h$ from $D(0,R)$ to $\mathbb{C}$ expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$ if and only if $h$ is of class $\mathcal{C}^1$ on $D(0,R)$ and for all $(x,y) \in D(0,R)$, $\frac{\partial h}{\partial y}(x,y) = \mathrm{i} \frac{\partial h}{\partial x}(x,y)$.
Show that if $f$ does not vanish on $D(0,R)$ then $1/f$ expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$.

We say that a function $f$, defined on $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ and with complex values, expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$ if there exists a complex sequence $(a_n)$ such that $$\forall (x,y) \in D(0,R), \quad f(x,y) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (x + \mathrm{i} y)^n$$ We denote by $u$ and $v$ the real and imaginary parts of $f$. Show that the function $uv$ is harmonic on $D(0,R)$.

Let $g$ be a function from $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ to $\mathbb{R}$. We assume that $g$ is harmonic. Show that the function $h$ defined on $D(0,R)$ by $$h : (x,y) \longmapsto \frac{\partial g}{\partial x}(x,y) - \mathrm{i} \frac{\partial g}{\partial y}(x,y)$$ expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$.

Let $g$ be a function from $D(0,R) \subset \mathbb{R}^2$ to $\mathbb{R}$. We assume that $g$ is harmonic. Show that if $g$ belongs to $\mathcal{H}(D(0,R))$ then there exists a function $H$ that expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$ such that $g$ is the real part of $H$.
One may consider a power series that is a primitive of the power series associated with the function $h$ from the previous question.

Show an analogous result to Q32 for harmonic functions: for a harmonic function $g$ on $D(0,R)$, show that for all $r \in [0, R[$, $g(0) = \frac{1}{2\pi} \int_0^{2\pi} g(r\cos(t), r\sin(t)) \, \mathrm{d}t$.

Throughout this part, $f$ denotes a function that expands in a power series on $D(0,R)$, i.e., $$\forall (x,y) \in D(0,R), \quad f(x,y) = \sum_{n=0}^{+\infty} a_n (x + \mathrm{i} y)^n$$ Show that $\forall r \in [0, R[$, $|f(0)| \leqslant \sup_{t \in \mathbb{R}} |f(r\cos(t), r\sin(t))|$.

Show an analogous result to Q34 for harmonic functions: for a harmonic function $g$ on $D(0,R)$, show that $\forall r \in [0, R[$, $|g(0)| \leqslant \sup_{t \in \mathbb{R}} |g(r\cos(t), r\sin(t))|$.

We define the function $\varphi : \mathbb { R } \rightarrow \mathbb { R }$ by $$\begin{cases} \varphi ( x ) = \exp \left( \frac { - x } { \sqrt { 1 - x } } \right) & \text { if } x < 1 \\ \varphi ( x ) = 0 & \text { if } x \geqslant 1 \end{cases}$$
Deduce that $\varphi$ is of class $C ^ { \infty }$ on $\mathbb { R }$ and for $p \in \mathbb { N } ^ { * }$, give the value of $\varphi ^ { ( p ) } ( 1 )$.

We define the function $\theta : \mathbb { R } \rightarrow \mathbb { C }$ by $$\begin{cases} \theta ( x ) = 0 & \text { if } x \leqslant 0 \\ \theta ( x ) = \exp \left( - \frac { \ln ^ { 2 } x } { 4 \pi ^ { 2 } } + \mathrm { i } \frac { \ln x } { 2 \pi } \right) & \text { if } x > 0 \end{cases}$$ The purpose of Part III is to construct a function of class $C ^ { \infty }$ on $\mathbb { R }$, non-zero, whose all moments of order $p$ ($p \in \mathbb { N }$) are zero. Using the results of questions 36 and 37, conclude.