grandes-ecoles 2019 Q14

grandes-ecoles · France · centrale-maths2__official Sequences and Series Evaluation of a Finite or Infinite Sum
For all $(x,n) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{N}$, we define $\pi_n(x) = \frac{\lfloor 2^n x \rfloor}{2^n}$ and $d_{n+1}(x) = 2^{n+1}(\pi_{n+1}(x) - \pi_n(x))$.
Justify $$\forall x \in [0,1[,\, \forall k \in \mathbb{N}, \quad \pi_k(x) = \sum_{j=1}^{k} \frac{d_j(x)}{2^j}.$$
For all $(x,n) \in \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{N}$, we define $\pi_n(x) = \frac{\lfloor 2^n x \rfloor}{2^n}$ and $d_{n+1}(x) = 2^{n+1}(\pi_{n+1}(x) - \pi_n(x))$.

Justify
$$\forall x \in [0,1[,\, \forall k \in \mathbb{N}, \quad \pi_k(x) = \sum_{j=1}^{k} \frac{d_j(x)}{2^j}.$$