grandes-ecoles 2023 Q11

grandes-ecoles · France · x-ens-maths-b__mp Sequences and Series Proof of Inequalities Involving Series or Sequence Terms
We define a sequence of polynomials $\left( F _ { i } \right) _ { i \geqslant 0 }$ by the following recurrence formula: $$\begin{aligned} F _ { 0 } & = f _ { 0 } + f _ { 1 } X + \cdots + f _ { d } X ^ { d } \\ \text { for } i \geqslant 0 , \quad F _ { i + 1 } & = F _ { i } + R _ { i } \end{aligned}$$ where $R _ { i }$ denotes the remainder of the Euclidean division of $P$ by $F _ { i }$. We denote by $Q _ { i }$ the quotient of the Euclidean division of $P$ by $F _ { i }$. We are furthermore given $r , s \in \mathbb { R } _ { + } ^ { * }$ with $r < \rho$ and we set, for $i \in \mathbb { N }$: $$\alpha _ { i } = s ^ { - d } \cdot \left\| F _ { i } - X ^ { d } \right\| _ { r , s } ; \quad \beta _ { i } = \left\| 1 - Q _ { i } \right\| _ { r , s } ; \quad \varepsilon _ { i } = s ^ { - d } \cdot \left\| R _ { i } \right\| _ { r , s } .$$
Show that we can choose $r$ and $s$ such that $\alpha _ { 0 } + 2 \varepsilon _ { 0 } \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 3 }$ and $\beta _ { 0 } + \varepsilon _ { 0 } \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 3 }$.
We define a sequence of polynomials $\left( F _ { i } \right) _ { i \geqslant 0 }$ by the following recurrence formula:
$$\begin{aligned} F _ { 0 } & = f _ { 0 } + f _ { 1 } X + \cdots + f _ { d } X ^ { d } \\ \text { for } i \geqslant 0 , \quad F _ { i + 1 } & = F _ { i } + R _ { i } \end{aligned}$$
where $R _ { i }$ denotes the remainder of the Euclidean division of $P$ by $F _ { i }$. We denote by $Q _ { i }$ the quotient of the Euclidean division of $P$ by $F _ { i }$. We are furthermore given $r , s \in \mathbb { R } _ { + } ^ { * }$ with $r < \rho$ and we set, for $i \in \mathbb { N }$:
$$\alpha _ { i } = s ^ { - d } \cdot \left\| F _ { i } - X ^ { d } \right\| _ { r , s } ; \quad \beta _ { i } = \left\| 1 - Q _ { i } \right\| _ { r , s } ; \quad \varepsilon _ { i } = s ^ { - d } \cdot \left\| R _ { i } \right\| _ { r , s } .$$

Show that we can choose $r$ and $s$ such that $\alpha _ { 0 } + 2 \varepsilon _ { 0 } \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 3 }$ and $\beta _ { 0 } + \varepsilon _ { 0 } \leqslant \frac { 1 } { 3 }$.