Let $A = \left(\begin{array}{ll} a & b \\ c & d \end{array}\right)$ in $\mathcal{M}_2(\mathbb{R})$. Show that there exists a unique triplet $(\alpha, \beta, \gamma)$ of $\mathbb{R}^2 \times \mathbb{R}_+$ that we will specify, such that $A$ is directly orthogonally similar to $\left(\begin{array}{cc} \alpha+\gamma & -\beta \\ \beta & \alpha-\gamma \end{array}\right)$.