grandes-ecoles 2024 Q5b

grandes-ecoles · France · x-ens-maths-a__mp Matrices Linear Transformation and Endomorphism Properties
Let $m \in \mathbb{N}$. We consider the matrix $$M = \left(\begin{array}{cccccc} \binom{0}{0} & 0 & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & 0 \\ \binom{1}{0} & \binom{1}{1} & 0 & & & \vdots \\ \vdots & & \ddots & \ddots & & \vdots \\ \vdots & & & \ddots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \binom{m-1}{0} & & & & \binom{m-1}{m-1} & 0 \\ \binom{m}{0} & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \binom{m}{m} \end{array}\right) \in \mathscr{M}_{m+1}(\mathbb{R}).$$ Show that the transpose of $M$ is the matrix of the linear map identity $$\begin{array}{ccc} \mathbb{R}_m[X] & \longrightarrow & \mathbb{R}_m[X] \\ P & \longmapsto & P \end{array}$$ in the bases $\left(1, X, \ldots, X^m\right)$ at the start and $\left(1, (X-1), \ldots, (X-1)^m\right)$ at the end.
Let $m \in \mathbb{N}$. We consider the matrix
$$M = \left(\begin{array}{cccccc} \binom{0}{0} & 0 & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & 0 \\ \binom{1}{0} & \binom{1}{1} & 0 & & & \vdots \\ \vdots & & \ddots & \ddots & & \vdots \\ \vdots & & & \ddots & \ddots & \vdots \\ \binom{m-1}{0} & & & & \binom{m-1}{m-1} & 0 \\ \binom{m}{0} & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \cdots & \binom{m}{m} \end{array}\right) \in \mathscr{M}_{m+1}(\mathbb{R}).$$
Show that the transpose of $M$ is the matrix of the linear map identity
$$\begin{array}{ccc} \mathbb{R}_m[X] & \longrightarrow & \mathbb{R}_m[X] \\ P & \longmapsto & P \end{array}$$
in the bases $\left(1, X, \ldots, X^m\right)$ at the start and $\left(1, (X-1), \ldots, (X-1)^m\right)$ at the end.