grandes-ecoles 2024 Q13a

grandes-ecoles · France · x-ens-maths-a__mp Discrete Random Variables Expectation and Variance via Combinatorial Counting
Let $n$ be a non-zero natural integer. For an integer $k$ at most $n$, we denote by $s(n,k)$ the number of permutations of $\mathfrak{S}_n$ such that $\omega(\sigma) = k$.
Show that $$\frac{1}{n!} \sum_{k=1}^{n} k(k-1) s(n,k) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \frac{1}{ij} - \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{i^2}.$$
Let $n$ be a non-zero natural integer. For an integer $k$ at most $n$, we denote by $s(n,k)$ the number of permutations of $\mathfrak{S}_n$ such that $\omega(\sigma) = k$.

Show that
$$\frac{1}{n!} \sum_{k=1}^{n} k(k-1) s(n,k) = \sum_{i=1}^{n} \sum_{j=1}^{n} \frac{1}{ij} - \sum_{i=1}^{n} \frac{1}{i^2}.$$