Let $n \geqslant 1$ be a natural integer, and let $\left( X _ { 1 } , \ldots , X _ { n } \right)$ be mutually independent discrete real random variables such that, for all $k \in \{ 1 , \ldots , n \}$, $$P \left[ X _ { k } = 1 \right] = P \left[ X _ { k } = - 1 \right] = \frac { 1 } { 2 }$$ We define $$S _ { n } = \frac { 1 } { n } \sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { n } X _ { k }$$ For each $\lambda \geqslant 0$, we set $$m ( \lambda ) = \frac { E \left[ X _ { 1 } \exp \left( \lambda X _ { 1 } \right) \right] } { E \left[ \exp \left( \lambda X _ { 1 } \right) \right] }$$ For all $n \geqslant 1 , \lambda \geqslant 0$ and $\varepsilon > 0$, we denote by $I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon )$ the random variable defined by $$I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon ) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text { if } \left| S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) \right| \leqslant \varepsilon \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$ Show that $$P \left[ \left| S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) \right| \leqslant \varepsilon \right] \geqslant E \left[ I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon ) \exp \left( \lambda n \left( S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) - \varepsilon \right) \right] , \right.$$
Let $n \geqslant 1$ be a natural integer, and let $\left( X _ { 1 } , \ldots , X _ { n } \right)$ be mutually independent discrete real random variables such that, for all $k \in \{ 1 , \ldots , n \}$,
$$P \left[ X _ { k } = 1 \right] = P \left[ X _ { k } = - 1 \right] = \frac { 1 } { 2 }$$
We define
$$S _ { n } = \frac { 1 } { n } \sum _ { k = 1 } ^ { n } X _ { k }$$
For each $\lambda \geqslant 0$, we set
$$m ( \lambda ) = \frac { E \left[ X _ { 1 } \exp \left( \lambda X _ { 1 } \right) \right] } { E \left[ \exp \left( \lambda X _ { 1 } \right) \right] }$$
For all $n \geqslant 1 , \lambda \geqslant 0$ and $\varepsilon > 0$, we denote by $I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon )$ the random variable defined by
$$I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon ) = \begin{cases} 1 & \text { if } \left| S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) \right| \leqslant \varepsilon \\ 0 & \text { otherwise } \end{cases}$$
Show that
$$P \left[ \left| S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) \right| \leqslant \varepsilon \right] \geqslant E \left[ I _ { n } ( \lambda , \varepsilon ) \exp \left( \lambda n \left( S _ { n } - m ( \lambda ) - \varepsilon \right) \right] , \right.$$