grandes-ecoles 2025 Q32

grandes-ecoles · France · centrale-maths1__official Indefinite & Definite Integrals Definite Integral Evaluation (Computational)
We define on $[ 0,1 ]$ the function $P _ { n }$ by:
$$\forall x \in [ 0,1 ] , \quad P _ { n } ( x ) = \frac { 1 } { n ! } \frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { n } \left( x ^ { n } ( 1 - x ) ^ { n } \right) } { \mathrm { d } x ^ { n } } .$$
We set
$$P _ { n } ( x ) = \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { n } a _ { k } x ^ { k }, \quad ( 1 - y ) ^ { n } = \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { n } b _ { k } y ^ { k }$$
with for all $k \in \llbracket 0 , n \rrbracket , a _ { k } \in \mathbb { Z }$ and $b _ { k } \in \mathbb { Z }$.
Let $n \in \mathbb { N } ^ { * }$. Justify the existence of
$$I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \frac { ( 1 - y ) ^ { n } P _ { n } ( x ) } { 1 - x y } \mathrm {~d} x \mathrm {~d} y$$
and show that
$$I _ { n } = \sum _ { \substack { r , s = 0 \\ r \neq s } } ^ { n } a _ { r } b _ { s } J _ { r , s } + \sum _ { r = 0 } ^ { n } a _ { r } b _ { r } J _ { r , r }$$
We define on $[ 0,1 ]$ the function $P _ { n }$ by:

$$\forall x \in [ 0,1 ] , \quad P _ { n } ( x ) = \frac { 1 } { n ! } \frac { \mathrm { d } ^ { n } \left( x ^ { n } ( 1 - x ) ^ { n } \right) } { \mathrm { d } x ^ { n } } .$$

We set

$$P _ { n } ( x ) = \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { n } a _ { k } x ^ { k }, \quad ( 1 - y ) ^ { n } = \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { n } b _ { k } y ^ { k }$$

with for all $k \in \llbracket 0 , n \rrbracket , a _ { k } \in \mathbb { Z }$ and $b _ { k } \in \mathbb { Z }$.

Let $n \in \mathbb { N } ^ { * }$. Justify the existence of

$$I _ { n } = \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } \frac { ( 1 - y ) ^ { n } P _ { n } ( x ) } { 1 - x y } \mathrm {~d} x \mathrm {~d} y$$

and show that

$$I _ { n } = \sum _ { \substack { r , s = 0 \\ r \neq s } } ^ { n } a _ { r } b _ { s } J _ { r , s } + \sum _ { r = 0 } ^ { n } a _ { r } b _ { r } J _ { r , r }$$