grandes-ecoles

Papers (176)
2025
centrale-maths1__official 40 centrale-maths2__official 36 mines-ponts-maths1__mp 17 mines-ponts-maths1__pc 21 mines-ponts-maths1__psi 21 mines-ponts-maths2__mp 28 mines-ponts-maths2__pc 23 mines-ponts-maths2__psi 25 polytechnique-maths-a__mp 35 polytechnique-maths__fui 9 polytechnique-maths__pc 27 x-ens-maths-a__fui 10 x-ens-maths-a__mp 18 x-ens-maths-b__mp 6 x-ens-maths-c__mp 6 x-ens-maths-d__mp 31 x-ens-maths__pc 27 x-ens-maths__psi 30
2024
centrale-maths1__official 21 centrale-maths2__official 28 geipi-polytech__maths 9 mines-ponts-maths1__mp 23 mines-ponts-maths1__psi 9 mines-ponts-maths2__mp 14 mines-ponts-maths2__pc 19 mines-ponts-maths2__psi 20 polytechnique-maths-a__mp 42 polytechnique-maths-b__mp 27 x-ens-maths-a__mp 43 x-ens-maths-b__mp 29 x-ens-maths-c__mp 22 x-ens-maths-d__mp 41 x-ens-maths__pc 20 x-ens-maths__psi 23
2023
centrale-maths1__official 37 centrale-maths2__official 32 e3a-polytech-maths__mp 4 mines-ponts-maths1__mp 14 mines-ponts-maths1__pc 21 mines-ponts-maths1__psi 21 mines-ponts-maths2__mp 21 mines-ponts-maths2__pc 13 mines-ponts-maths2__psi 22 polytechnique-maths__fui 3 x-ens-maths-a__mp 24 x-ens-maths-b__mp 10 x-ens-maths-c__mp 10 x-ens-maths-d__mp 10 x-ens-maths__pc 22
2022
centrale-maths1__mp 22 centrale-maths1__pc 33 centrale-maths1__psi 42 centrale-maths2__mp 26 centrale-maths2__pc 37 centrale-maths2__psi 40 mines-ponts-maths1__mp 26 mines-ponts-maths1__pc 20 mines-ponts-maths1__psi 23 mines-ponts-maths2__mp 22 mines-ponts-maths2__pc 9 mines-ponts-maths2__psi 18 x-ens-maths-a__mp 8 x-ens-maths-b__mp 19 x-ens-maths-c__mp 17 x-ens-maths-d__mp 47 x-ens-maths1__mp 13 x-ens-maths2__mp 26 x-ens-maths__pc 7 x-ens-maths__pc_cpge 14 x-ens-maths__psi 22 x-ens-maths__psi_cpge 26
2021
centrale-maths1__mp 34 centrale-maths1__pc 36 centrale-maths1__psi 28 centrale-maths2__mp 21 centrale-maths2__pc 38 centrale-maths2__psi 28 x-ens-maths2__mp 35 x-ens-maths__pc 29
2020
centrale-maths1__mp 42 centrale-maths1__pc 36 centrale-maths1__psi 38 centrale-maths2__mp 2 centrale-maths2__pc 35 centrale-maths2__psi 39 mines-ponts-maths1__mp_cpge 22 mines-ponts-maths2__mp_cpge 19 x-ens-maths-a__mp_cpge 10 x-ens-maths-b__mp_cpge 19 x-ens-maths-c__mp 10 x-ens-maths-d__mp 13 x-ens-maths1__mp 13 x-ens-maths2__mp 20 x-ens-maths__pc 6
2019
centrale-maths1__mp 37 centrale-maths1__pc 40 centrale-maths1__psi 38 centrale-maths2__mp 37 centrale-maths2__pc 39 centrale-maths2__psi 46 x-ens-maths1__mp 24 x-ens-maths__pc 18 x-ens-maths__psi 9
2018
centrale-maths1__mp 21 centrale-maths1__pc 31 centrale-maths1__psi 39 centrale-maths2__mp 23 centrale-maths2__pc 35 centrale-maths2__psi 30 x-ens-maths1__mp 18 x-ens-maths2__mp 13 x-ens-maths__pc 17 x-ens-maths__psi 20
2017
centrale-maths1__mp 45 centrale-maths1__pc 22 centrale-maths1__psi 17 centrale-maths2__mp 30 centrale-maths2__pc 28 centrale-maths2__psi 44 x-ens-maths1__mp 24 x-ens-maths2__mp 7 x-ens-maths__pc 17 x-ens-maths__psi 19
2016
centrale-maths1__mp 41 centrale-maths1__pc 31 centrale-maths1__psi 33 centrale-maths2__mp 25 centrale-maths2__pc 42 centrale-maths2__psi 17 x-ens-maths1__mp 10 x-ens-maths2__mp 32 x-ens-maths__pc 1 x-ens-maths__psi 20
2015
centrale-maths1__mp 18 centrale-maths1__pc 11 centrale-maths1__psi 42 centrale-maths2__mp 44 centrale-maths2__pc 1 centrale-maths2__psi 14 x-ens-maths1__mp 16 x-ens-maths2__mp 19 x-ens-maths__pc 30 x-ens-maths__psi 20
2014
centrale-maths1__mp 28 centrale-maths1__pc 26 centrale-maths1__psi 36 centrale-maths2__mp 24 centrale-maths2__pc 23 centrale-maths2__psi 29 x-ens-maths2__mp 13
2013
centrale-maths1__mp 3 centrale-maths1__pc 45 centrale-maths1__psi 20 centrale-maths2__mp 32 centrale-maths2__pc 50 centrale-maths2__psi 32 x-ens-maths1__mp 14 x-ens-maths2__mp 10 x-ens-maths__pc 22 x-ens-maths__psi 9
2012
centrale-maths1__pc 23 centrale-maths1__psi 20 centrale-maths2__mp 27 centrale-maths2__psi 20
2011
centrale-maths1__mp 27 centrale-maths1__pc 15 centrale-maths1__psi 21 centrale-maths2__mp 29 centrale-maths2__pc 8 centrale-maths2__psi 28
2010
centrale-maths1__mp 7 centrale-maths1__pc 23 centrale-maths1__psi 9 centrale-maths2__mp 10 centrale-maths2__pc 36 centrale-maths2__psi 27
2025 x-ens-maths-b__mp

6 maths questions

12. Show that, if $0 \leqslant j \leqslant n - 2$, for all $0 \leqslant i \leqslant n - j - 1$, the polynomial $p _ { i }$ is orthogonal to $\mathbb { R } _ { i - 1 } [ X ]$ for the inner product $\langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle _ { j + 1 }$.
13. Let $\mathscr { B } = \left( a _ { 0 } , \ldots , a _ { n } \right)$ be the unique orthogonal basis of $\left( \mathbb { R } _ { n } [ X ] , \langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle \right)$ such that $a _ { i }$ is a monic polynomial of degree $i$ for all $0 \leqslant i \leqslant n$. Show that, for all $0 \leqslant j \leqslant n - 1$, the coefficients of the polynomial $\prod _ { \ell = j + 1 } ^ { n } \left( X - r _ { \ell } \right)$ in the basis $\mathscr { B }$ are strictly positive real numbers. Hint: one may denote $\left( q _ { j , 0 } , \ldots , q _ { j , n - j } \right)$ the basis of $\left( \mathbb { R } _ { n - j } [ X ] , \langle \cdot , \cdot \rangle _ { j } \right)$ obtained in questions 8a and 8b and reason by descending induction on $j$.
Third Part
Let $\lambda$ be a strictly positive real number. For all real $x$ and $r$ such that $| x | < 1$ and $| r | < 1$, we set
$$F _ { \lambda } ( x , r ) = \left( 1 - 2 r x + r ^ { 2 } \right) ^ { - \lambda }$$
Show that the function $F _ { \lambda }$ is of class $\mathscr { C } ^ { \infty }$ on $] - 1,1 \left[ ^ { 2 } \right.$.
15. Show that for $x \in ] - 1,1 \left[ \right.$, the function $r \mapsto F _ { \lambda } ( x , r )$ is expandable as a power series in a neighborhood of $\mathbf { 0 }$. For $x \in ] - 1,1$, we denote $a _ { n } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x )$ the $n$-th coefficient of the expansion of the function $r \mapsto F _ { \lambda } ( x , r )$ so that, for $r$ in a neighborhood of 0 ,
$$F _ { \lambda } ( x , r ) = \sum _ { n \geqslant 0 } a _ { n } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x ) r ^ { n } .$$
16a. For $x \in ] - 1,1 \left[ \right.$, show that $a _ { 1 } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x ) = 2 \lambda x a _ { 0 } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x )$ and that, for every integer $n \geqslant 1$,
$$( n + 1 ) a _ { n + 1 } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x ) = 2 ( n + \lambda ) x a _ { n } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x ) - ( n + 2 \lambda - 1 ) a _ { n - 1 } ^ { ( \lambda ) } ( x ) .$$
Hint: one may begin by computing $\left( 1 - 2 x r + r ^ { 2 } \right) \frac { \partial F _ { \lambda } } { \partial r } ( x , r )$. 16b. Deduce that, for all $n \geqslant 0$, the function $a _ { n } ^ { ( \lambda ) }$ is a polynomial of degree $n$ whose leading coefficient and parity will be determined. We now assume that $\lambda > \frac { 1 } { 2 }$. For $P , Q \in \mathbb { R } [ X ]$, we set
19. Show that the polynomials $T _ { n }$ are functions of positive type in dimension 2 .
Hint: you may use the exponential form of the cosine. We shall admit, in the rest of the problem, that for every integer $n \geqslant 0$ and every integer $N \geqslant 4$, the polynomial $a _ { n } ^ { \left( \frac { N } { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ is of positive type in dimension $N$. For an integer $N \geqslant 2$, we say that a polynomial $P \in \mathbb { R } [ X ]$ is $N$-conductive if, for every absolutely monotone function $f$ from $[ - 1,1 ]$ to $\mathbb { R }$, the polynomial $H ( f , P )$ is a function of positive type in dimension $N$.
20. Let $P _ { 1 }$ and $P _ { 2 }$ be two $N$-conductive polynomials. Show that if $P _ { 1 }$ is of positive type in dimension $N$, then $P _ { 1 } P _ { 2 }$ is $N$-conductive. We fix an integer $N \geqslant 4$ and an integer $n \geqslant 2$. We admit that the polynomial $a _ { n } ^ { \left( \frac { N } { 2 } - 1 \right) }$ has $n$ simple real roots $r _ { 1 } > r _ { 2 } > \cdots > r _ { n }$ in $] - 1,1 [$. Let $f : [ - 1,1 ] \rightarrow \mathbb { R }$ be an absolutely monotone function.
21. Show that the polynomial $H \left( f , \prod _ { i = 1 } ^ { n } \left( X - r _ { i } \right) \right)$ is a function of positive type in dimension $N$.