grandes-ecoles 2025 Q15
Multi-Step Composite Problem Using Identities
We fix a pair $( p , q ) \in E _ { 3 } := \left\{ ( p , q ) \in \left( \mathbf { N } ^ { * } \right) ^ { 2 } : p > q \right\}$, and set $\theta _ { k } := ( 2 k + 1 ) \dfrac { \pi } { p }$. We admit that for all $0 \leq k \leq \lfloor p / 2 \rfloor - 1$, $$\int _ { 0 } ^ { 1 } F _ { k } ( t ) d t = \cos \left( q \theta _ { k } \right) \ln \left( 2 \sin \left( \frac { \theta _ { k } } { 2 } \right) \right) - \frac { \pi } { 2 p } ( p - 1 - 2 k ) \sin \left( q \theta _ { k } \right)$$
Deduce from the previous questions that, for all $( p , q ) \in E _ { 3 }$, $$S _ { p , q } = \frac { 1 } { p } \left( \frac { \pi } { p } \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { \lfloor p / 2 \rfloor - 1 } ( p - 1 - 2 k ) \sin \left( q \theta _ { k } \right) - 2 \sum _ { k = 0 } ^ { \lfloor p / 2 \rfloor - 1 } \cos \left( q \theta _ { k } \right) \ln \left( \sin \left( \frac { \theta _ { k } } { 2 } \right) \right) \right)$$