gaokao

2021 national-A-arts

19 maths questions

Q1 Probability Definitions Set Operations View
1. Let $M = \{ 1,3,5,7,9 \} , N = \{ x \mid 2 x > 7 \}$, then $M \cap N = ( )$
A. $\{ 7,9 \}$
B. $\{ 5,7,9 \}$
C. $\{ 3,5,7,9 \}$
D. $\{ 1,3,5,7,9 \}$
Q2 Data representation View
2. To understand the rural economic situation in a certain area, a sample survey was conducted on the annual household income of farmers in that area. The survey data on farmers' annual household income was organized into the following frequency distribution histogram: [Figure]
Based on this frequency distribution histogram, which of the following conclusions is incorrect?
A. The estimated proportion of farmers with annual household income below 4.5 ten thousand yuan is $6 \%$
B. The estimated proportion of farmers with annual household income not less than 10.5 ten thousand yuan is $10 \%$
C. The estimated average annual household income of farmers in this area does not exceed 6.5 ten thousand yuan
D. It is estimated that more than half of the farmers in this area have annual household income between 4.5 and 8.5 ten thousand yuan
Q3 Complex Numbers Arithmetic Solving Equations for Unknown Complex Numbers View
3. Given $( 1 - i ) ^ { 2 } z = 3 + 2 i$, then $z =$
A. $- 1 - \frac { 3 } { 2 } i$
B. $- 1 + \frac { 3 } { 2 } i$
C. $- \frac { 3 } { 2 } + i$
D. $- \frac { 3 } { 2 } - i$
Q4 Curve Sketching Variation Table and Monotonicity from Sign of Derivative View
4. Which of the following functions is an increasing function?
A. $f ( x ) = - x$
B. $f ( x ) = \left( \frac { 2 } { 3 } \right) ^ { x }$
C. $f ( x ) = x ^ { 2 }$
D. $f ( x ) = \sqrt [ 3 ] { x }$
Q5 Circles Distance from Center to Line View
5. The distance from the point $( 3,0 )$ to an asymptote of the hyperbola $\frac { x ^ { 2 } } { 16 } - \frac { y ^ { 2 } } { 9 } = 1$ is
A. $\frac { 9 } { 5 }$
B. $\frac { 8 } { 5 }$
C. $\frac { 6 } { 5 }$
D. $\frac { 4 } { 5 }$
Q6 Laws of Logarithms Logarithmic Formula Application (Modeling) View
6. Vision of adolescents is a matter of widespread social concern. Vision can be measured using a vision chart. Vision data is usually recorded using the five-point recording method and the decimal recording method. The data $L$ in the five-point recording method and the data $V$ in the decimal recording method satisfy $L = 5 + \lg V$. It is known that a student's vision data in the five-point recording method is 4.9. Then the student's vision data in the decimal recording method is approximately ( $\sqrt [ 10 ] { 10 } \approx 1.259$ )
A. 1.5
B. 1.2
C. 0.8
D. 0.6
Q8 Sine and Cosine Rules Find a side length using the cosine rule View
8. In $\triangle A B C$, it is known that $B = 120 ^ { \circ } , A C = \sqrt { 19 } , A B = 2$, then $B C =$ ( )
A. 1
B. $\sqrt { 2 }$
C. $\sqrt { 5 }$
D. 3
Q9 Geometric Sequences and Series Finite Geometric Sum and Term Relationships View
9. Let $S _ { n }$ denote the sum of the first $n$ terms of the geometric sequence $\left\{ a _ { n } \right\}$. If $S _ { 2 } = 4 , S _ { 4 } = 6$, then $S _ { 6 } =$
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 10
Q10 Permutations & Arrangements Probability via Permutation Counting View
10. Three 1's and two 0's are randomly arranged in a row. The probability that the two 0's are not adjacent is
A. 0.3
B. 0.5
C. 0.6
D. 0.8
Q11 Addition & Double Angle Formulae Trigonometric Equation Solving via Identities View
11. If $\alpha \in \left( 0 , \frac { \pi } { 2 } \right) , \tan 2 \alpha = \frac { \cos \alpha } { 2 - \sin \alpha }$, then $\tan \alpha =$
A. $\frac { \sqrt { 15 } } { 15 }$
B. $\frac { \sqrt { 5 } } { 5 }$
C. $\frac { \sqrt { 5 } } { 3 }$
D. $\frac { \sqrt { 15 } } { 3 }$
Q12 Function Transformations View
12. Let $f ( x )$ be an odd function with domain $\mathbb{R}$, and $f ( 1 + x ) = f ( - x )$. If $f \left( - \frac { 1 } { 3 } \right) = \frac { 1 } { 3 }$, then $f \left( \frac { 5 } { 3 } \right) =$
A. $- \frac { 5 } { 3 }$
B. $- \frac { 1 } { 3 }$
C. $\frac { 1 } { 3 }$
D. $\frac { 5 } { 3 }$
II. Fill-in-the-Blank Questions: This section contains 4 questions, each worth 5 points, for a total of 20 points.
Q13 Vectors Introduction & 2D Magnitude of Vector Expression View
13. If vectors $\vec { a } , \vec { b }$ satisfy $| \vec { a } | = 3 , | \vec { a } - \vec { b } | = 5 , \vec { a } \cdot \vec { b } = 1$, then $| \vec { b } | =$ $\_\_\_\_$ .
Q15 Trig Graphs & Exact Values View
15. The function $f ( x ) = 2 \cos ( \omega x + \varphi )$ has a partial graph shown in the figure. Then $f \left( \frac { \pi } { 2 } \right) =$ $\_\_\_\_$ . [Figure]
Q16 Circles Area and Geometric Measurement Involving Circles View
16. Let $F _ { 1 } , F _ { 2 }$ be the two foci of the ellipse $C : \frac { x ^ { 2 } } { 16 } + \frac { y ^ { 2 } } { 4 } = 1$. Let $P , Q$ be two points on $C$ that are symmetric with respect to the origin, and $| P Q | = \left| F _ { 1 } F _ { 2 } \right|$. Then the area of quadrilateral $P F _ { 1 } Q F _ { 2 }$ is $\_\_\_\_$ .
III. Solution Questions: Total 70 points. Solutions should include explanations, proofs, or calculation steps. Questions 17--21 are required questions that all students must answer. Questions 22 and 23 are optional questions; students should answer according to the requirements.
(A) Required Questions: Total 60 points.
Q17 Chi-squared test of independence View
17. Two machine tools, Machine A and Machine B, produce the same type of product. Products are classified by quality into first-grade and second-grade products. To compare the quality of products from the two machines, 200 products were produced by each machine. The quality statistics are shown in the table below:
First-gradeSecond-gradeTotal
Machine A15050200
Machine B12080200
Total270130400

(1) What are the frequencies of first-grade products produced by Machine A and Machine B, respectively?
(2) Can we conclude with 99\% confidence that there is a difference in product quality between Machine A and Machine B? Attachment: $\mathrm { K } ^ { 2 } = \frac { n ( a d - b c ) ^ { 2 } } { ( a + b ) ( c + d ) ( a + c ) ( b + d ) }$,
$\mathrm { P } \left( \mathrm { K } ^ { 2 } \geqslant k \right)$0.0500.0100.001
$k$3.8416.63510.828
Q18 Arithmetic Sequences and Series Prove a Sequence is Arithmetic View
18. Let $S _ { n }$ denote the sum of the first $n$ terms of $\left\{ a _ { n } \right\}$. Given that $a _ { n } > 0 , a _ { 2 } = 3 a _ { 1 }$, and the sequence $\left\{ \sqrt { S _ { n } } \right\}$ is an arithmetic sequence. Prove that $\left\{ a _ { n } \right\}$ is an arithmetic sequence.
Q19 Areas by integration View
19. In a right triangular prism $A B C - A _ { 1 } B _ { 1 } C _ { 1 }$, the lateral face $A A _ { 1 } B _ { 1 } B$ is a square. $A B = B C = 2$. Let $E , F$ be the midpoints of $A C$ and $C C _ { 1 }$ respectively, and $B F \perp A _ { 1 } B _ { 1 }$.
(1) Find the volume of the triangular pyramid $F - E B C$;
(2) Let $D$ be a point on edge $A _ { 1 } B _ { 1 }$. Prove that $B F \perp D E$. [Figure]
Q20 Stationary points and optimisation Determine intervals of increase/decrease or monotonicity conditions View
20. Let $f ( x ) = a ^ { 2 } x ^ { 2 } + a x - 3 \ln x + 1$, where $a > 0$.
(1) Discuss the monotonicity of $f ( x )$;
(2) If the graph of $y = f ( x )$ has no common points with the $x$-axis, find the range of values for $a$.
Q21 Circles Tangent Lines and Tangent Lengths View
21. The parabola $C$ has its vertex at the origin $O$ and its focus on the $x$-axis. The line $l : x = 1$ intersects $C$ at points $P , Q$, and $O P \perp O Q$. Given the point $M ( 2,0 )$, and circle $\odot M$ is tangent to $l$.
(1) Find the equations of $C$ and $\odot M$;
(2) Let $A _ { 1 } , A _ { 2 } , A _ { 3 }$ be three points on $C$. Lines $A _ { 1 } A _ { 2 }$ and $A _ { 1 } A _ { 3 }$ are both tangent to $\odot M$. Determine the positional relationship between line $A _ {