225 – Which of the following statements are correct?

• [A)] Stomach medicine and milk, when mixed together, are a type of suspension.
• [B)] A mixture of water and fat, using soap, is converted into a stable colloid.
• [P)] Scattering of light, being heterogeneous, and sedimentation are among the properties of colloids.
• [T)] The structure-forming particles of solutions are ions and molecules; the structure-forming particles of colloids are aggregates of molecules.

(1) A, P (2) A, B, P (3) B, T (4) B, P, T

226 – Considering the electrostatic potential maps of propane and dimethyl ether, which statement is correct?

1. Converting propane to liquid is more difficult.
2. In both, the central atom has a partial positive charge.
3. The electrostatic potential maps are similar to each other.
4. Both, in an electric field, orient in the same direction.

227 – If at room temperature, $0.7$ g of potassium hydroxide is added to $125$ mL of cold water, regarding the resulting solution, how many of the following statements are correct? ($\mathrm{g\cdot mol^{-1}}$: $\mathrm{H=1, O=16, K=39}$; neglect the change in volume of the solution due to adding the solid substance.)

• $250$ mL of it completely neutralizes $2.5\times10^{-2}$ mol of HCl.
• The molar concentration of $\mathrm{OH^{-}(aq)}$ in it is $10^{12}$ times the molar concentration of $\mathrm{H^{+}(aq)}$.
• In $50$ mL of this solution, in total, $0.01$ mol of cations and anions exist.
• If $1.4$ g of another potassium hydroxide is added to this solution, $[\mathrm{OH^{-}}]$ will be 3 times greater.

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4
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228 – A solution of two weak acids HA and HD, with ionization percentages of 12 and 2.5 respectively, and equal pH, exists in two separate containers. The ratio of [HD] to [HA] before ionization is given, and if [HA] $= 0.005 \, \text{mol·L}^{-1}$, what is the pH of the two acid solutions? (Read the options from right to left)
(1) $3.22$ , $4.8$ (2) $3.91$ , $4.8$
(3) $3.22$ , $5.6$ (4) $3.91$ , $5.6$

229 – How many of the following statements are correct?

• One of the disadvantages of the Hall process is the emission of greenhouse gases.
• Aluminum is an active metal; its oxide is adhesive and dense.
• In an electrolytic cell, the cathode and anode can be of the same material.
• The strongest reducing elements are located on the right side of the periodic table.
• Among the applications of cryolite: extraction of aluminum metal, production of gases like hydrogen.

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

230 – The difference between the sum of stoichiometric coefficients of substances a and d in the balanced equations of the reactions below, and then which reaction is of the oxidation–reduction (redox) type?
\begin{align*} &\text{a) } \mathrm{Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s) + SiO_2(s) + C(s)} \xrightarrow{\Delta} \mathrm{P_4(g) + CaSiO_3(s) + CO(g)} &\text{b) } \mathrm{Ca_3(PO_4)_2(s) + H_2SO_4(aq) \to CaSO_4(s) + H_3PO_4(aq)} &\text{c) } \mathrm{HNO_3(aq) + I_2(g) \to I_2(s) + NO(g) + H_2O(l)} &\text{d) } \mathrm{PCl_5(g) + H_2O(l) \to H_3PO_4(aq) + HCl(aq)} \end{align*}
(1) $2$ , $14$ (2) $2$ , $24$ (3) $3$ , $14$ (4) $3$ , $24$

231 – How many of the following statements are correct?
$$E^\circ\!\left[\mathrm{Mn^{2+}(aq)/Mn(s)}\right] = -1.18\,\text{V} \;,\quad E^\circ\!\left[\mathrm{Pt^{2+}(aq)/Pt(s)}\right] = +1.20\,\text{V}$$

• Hydrogen oxidation in fuel cells has an efficiency close to 60\%.
• In galvanic cells, the products are more stable than the reactants.
• In a galvanic cell ``manganese – platinum'', oxidation occurs at the manganese electrode.
• In every oxidation–reduction reaction, the atoms of oxidized metals and metal ions decrease.

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

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232 - Considering the graphs below, which statement is incorrect? (The scales on the vertical axes of the graphs are equal.)
[Figure: Two energy diagrams. Reaction I shows energy vs. reaction progress for $A(g) + D(g) \rightarrow 2AD(g)$ with activation energy $a$ and energy difference $l$. Reaction II shows energy vs. reaction progress for $2F(g) \rightarrow X(g) + Z(g)$ with energy levels $b$ and energy difference $l$.]

1. If energy $a$ kJ is supplied, both reactions I and II will proceed.
2. The mass of $E(g)$ released per mole consumed is $\dfrac{b}{2}$ kJ.
3. In reaction II, compared to reaction I, the products are more stable than the reactants.
4. The mass of energy released per mole of $AD(g)$ formed is greater than the energy released per mole of $X(g)$ formed.

233 - In how many of the following compounds is the ratio of the number of anions to cations equal to the sulfide ion in Chromium(III) sulfide?

• Calcium phosphate Scandium oxide Aluminum sulfate
• Gallium carbonate Silicon dioxide Iron(III) nitrate

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

234 - Figure (a) shows a mixture at equilibrium for the reaction: $2Z(g) \rightleftharpoons Y_2(g) + X_2(g)$. When equilibrium is reached, it shows the number of moles of gases $X_2$, $Y_2$, and $Z$ in figure (b), from right to left respectively, when the reaction vessel reaches equilibrium. (Each dot represents $0.1$ mol and the volume of the reaction vessel is $2.25$ liters and temperature is constant.)
[Figure: Two containers showing particle distributions. Container (a) shows particles of different types. Container (b) shows: $X_2: \infty$, $Y_2: \bullet\bullet$, $Z: \bullet\bullet$]

1. [(1)] $0.4\ ,\ 0.4\ ,\ 0.1$
2. [(2)] $0.1\ ,\ 0.4\ ,\ 0.1$
3. [(3)] $0.3\ ,\ 0.3\ ,\ 0.2$
4. [(4)] $0.2\ ,\ 0.3\ ,\ 0.2$

235 - Which statement is correct?

1. Terephthalic acid is a difunctional acid used in the preparation of PET polymer.
2. Under similar conditions, the solubility of terephthalic acid in water is less than that of paraxylene.
3. Benzene, ethylene glycol, and gasoline are obtained from the crude oil distillation process.
4. The molecular chain of polypropylene, like polyethylene, is unbranched.

[Space for calculations]

8. Which of the following figures of speech are present in the verse below?
``The black-dressed one pours wine for the melancholy cupbearer''
(1) Simile, metaphor, ambiguity, allusion, antithesis
(2) Metaphor, personification, alliteration, simile
(3) Metaphor, metonymy, ambiguity, antithesis
(4) Simile, identification, alliteration, simile, good analysis

9. Which of the following verses contains all the stated figures of speech? Except:

1. [(1)] Antiqam ra z zulfash mibamo khwaham kashid (ambiguity, metaphor, simile)
2. [(2)] Az an dandanan z piran gardash aflak migirad (alliteration, simile, good analysis)
3. [(3)] Ba ahi rizad az ham tarupud hasti zalim (metaphor, simile, allusion, style, equation)
4. [(4)] Ba khun laml faru raft kuh singinedal (ambiguity, antithesis)

10. In the following verses, in order, which literary figures of speech are found?

-- Giti siyahkhanah shad az zulmat wajud -- Waqti dil sudai miraft bah bustanha -- Dar dil nasaham rah pas az in mahar baqan ra -- Ta rag abr abr bahar wa rishtah baran bajasast

(1) Metaphor -- ambiguity -- personification -- simile
(2) Allusion -- good analysis -- simile -- alliteration -- simile
(3) Irony -- metaphor -- good analysis -- simile -- simile
(4) Identification -- muraeat nazir -- metonymy -- style of equation

11. In which verse do the words ``hadu waj'' exist that have both preserved the old meaning and acquired a new meaning?
(1) Ma sapar andakhtim gardanim tasalim pish
(2) Dibadi ka khun nahaqu parwanah sham ra
(3) Chand, chand parwanah pasar andakhtan
(4) Dar ahd tasawwar ai nagar dalbastah

12. In which verse is the ``dependent and attached'' verse considered effective and the natural role is found in it?
(1) Rasam ashaq jagrkhastah niyaz ast niyaz
(2) Shakaram shakar agar zahar pipayi bakhshad
(3) Chashm man dilsukhtah sarchishmah khun shad
(4) Ahal nazar z arash wa zalaf tau kardanand

13. In which sentence do the attributes ``allusion, ambiguous, effective, and satirical'' all exist?

1. [(1)] We, in many of the motherlands and compatriots, have given away in these years from our hands the jeweled ring of Golestan and every dignity we accepted.
   
2. [(2)] Observing these scenes of the talent and capability of the homeland's children, Abbas brought the young man to existence and the heart became steadfast and hopeful.
   
3. [(3)] It is necessary to be present and struggle on every front; with this difference, that outside the front, love is the maker of courage, and in this one, prudence.
   
4. [(4)] The war of Russia with us was not a war of two countries; the army was not large, the war was not cohesive, the two times of war were different.

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14-- In the following verses, which option correctly identifies the grammatical roles of the highlighted words, in order?
\begin{quote} He --- the heart of Ganjeh --- toward Shi\=ad To that --- me --- Zin --- Ganj Basi\=ar --- Dast\=avard B\=i-Ranji-Sist Sh\=adi --- B\=ash --- Sh\=is\=adm\=ani r\=a S---z\=av\=are \end{quote}

1. [(1)] Subject, predicate, object, adverb
2. [(2)] Subject, predicate, adverbial complement, object
3. [(3)] Subject, adverbial complement, object, adverb
4. [(4)] Subject, predicate, object, adverbial complement

15-- Regarding the following text, which option is incorrect?
\begin{quote} ``It is forbidden to take a sheet of paper and a book cover to Khosrow so that he may open the book for L\=ay; in this state, the student was diligent and memorized all the lessons.'' \end{quote}

1. [(1)] Two relative and distinguishing adjectives exist in the sentences above.
2. [(2)] A present continuous verb and a past continuous verb exist in the text.
3. [(3)] The semantic relationship of ``appropriateness, synonymy, and inclusion'' is found in the words of the text.
4. [(4)] One verb with an omitted nominal predicate exists and three subjects can be found in the text.

16-- What meaning is conveyed from the following verse?
\begin{quote} ``The heart --- is built in --- the builder of joy'' Like God --- dark --- becomes green and grows Until --- water --- to the people --- does not give And --- the sky --- is the keeper of people No miserable thing in the eyes --- is not good \end{quote}

1. [(1)] The eye sees the world full of sorrow and happiness.
2. [(2)] Regret, constant regret that hope is destroyed.
3. [(3)] Humanity is asleep in the cradle of earth, heedless of the end.
4. [(4)] With all the hardships of life, closing the eyes is the solution.

17-- Which of the following verses best conveys the meaning of the statement below?
\begin{quote} ``If our soul had the capacity to endure, it would be burned more than the souls of others.'' \end{quote}

1. [(1)] The remedy is other than dying --- the medicine was not found.
2. [(2)] The guest --- bird --- in the heart, half --- lives.
3. [(3)] Every cypress --- face like Yousef --- grows.
4. [(4)] On the road, someone --- from the warmth --- is ahead.

18-- Which verse has a real or rhetorical taq\=abul (antithesis)?
\begin{quote} Harmonious --- hundreds of --- Khosrow --- joyful That is --- shown --- in the ceremony --- rosary \end{quote}

1. [(1)] Listen, son, to the advice of the world, do not eat sorrow.
2. [(2)] Every few --- without sound like --- the water of Ab-Omr.
3. [(3)] Go away, pilgrim, from the trap of the devil's trick, keep safe.
4. [(4)] Khazr --- guide --- if you keep from the path --- keep Iman.

19-- Which verse has the same meaning as the following statement?
\begin{quote} ``If one looks at the ugly face of life, another will come to take shelter in it.'' \end{quote}

1. [(1)] O my heart, wandering --- far from --- the keeper of the boundary.
2. [(2)] From --- that --- the arrow --- passes the days of life --- from me.
3. [(3)] Whatever comes to you from the --- of the beloved, accept it.
4. [(4)] Our state changes from root to root --- is the continuity.

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20. Which of the following couplets corresponds in meaning to the verse ``taqabul'' (contrast)?

Alef -- The cupbearer pours wine for us and guides us on the way
B -- The best path is from one's own soul, ahead the destination is reached
J -- True resolve is without need, from reason and guide
D -- A good physician heals us without remedy and guide

(1) Alef -- B (2) Alef -- D (3) B -- J (4) J -- D

21. Which couplet is a poetic claim (tadda'i) for the following noble verse?
$$\text{﴿وَ لَا تَحْسَبَنَّ الَّذِينَ قُتِلُوا فِي سَبِيلِ اللَّهِ أَمْوَاتًا بَلْ أَحْيَاءٌ عِنْدَ رَبِّهِمْ يُرْزَقُونَ﴾}$$
(1) Blood does not count us as witnesses on the day of resurrection
(2) One must close one's eyes to the body of the world of decay
(3) If the funeral of the brave goes to the friends, it rises
(4) One can receive the gift of martyrdom from the lips of a spring