193. In a cylindrical tube whose base area is $5\,\text{cm}^2$, we pour $136\,\text{g}$ of mercury and $136\,\text{g}$ of water. If the density of mercury and water are $13/6\,\dfrac{\text{g}}{\text{cm}^3}$ and $1\,\dfrac{\text{g}}{\text{cm}^3}$ respectively, what is the pressure at the bottom of the tube in pascals? $$\left(P_0 = 76\,\text{cmHg},\quad g = 10\,\frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}^2}\right)$$

• [(1)] $54/4$
• [(2)] $5440$
• [(3)] $10\,8/\!8$
• [(4)] $10\,880$

194. According to the figure below, inside a U-shaped tube connected to a gas reservoir, the space is equally filled with water and oil. What is the gas pressure in the reservoir in millimeters of mercury?
[Figure: A U-shaped tube with a gas reservoir on the left side; water at the bottom and oil on the right; the height difference is labeled $68\,\text{cm}$.]
$$\left(\rho_{\text{mercury}} = 13/6\,\frac{\text{g}}{\text{cm}^3},\quad \rho_{\text{water}} = 0/8\,\frac{\text{g}}{\text{cm}^3},\quad \rho_{\text{oil}} = 0/8\,\rho_{\text{water}},\quad g = 10\,\frac{\text{m}}{\text{s}^2}\right)$$

• [(1)] $1$
• [(2)] $5$
• [(3)] $10$
• [(4)] zero

195. We have two metal spheres A and B with equal masses and the volume of sphere B is 4 times the volume of sphere A. We assign equal amounts of heat to them. If the specific heat capacity of A is half the linear expansion coefficient of B, and the linear expansion coefficient of A is half the linear expansion coefficient of B, what is the change in volume of sphere A compared to the change in volume of sphere B?

• [(1)] $4$
• [(2)] $2$
• [(3)] $\dfrac{1}{2}$
• [(4)] $\dfrac{1}{4}$

%% Page 17 Physics 122-D Page 16

196. Several grams of ice at $50°C$ below zero are placed on $450$ grams of water at $50°C$ Celsius. After reaching thermal equilibrium, $520$ grams of water at zero degrees Celsius is created. How much heat is generated in the container? (Heat loss is negligible, and $L_f = 336000\,\dfrac{\text{J}}{\text{kg}}$, $C_{\text{water}} = 4200\,\dfrac{\text{J}}{\text{kg.K}}$)
(1) $70$ (2) $250$ (3) $300$ (4) $320$

197. The volume of an ideal gas (complete) at temperature $47°C$ is $2$ liters and its pressure is $2\times10^5\,\text{Pa}$. First, at constant pressure the temperature of the gas increases, and then at constant volume the volume of the gas decreases by $20$ percent. What is the final pressure of the gas in Pascals?
(1) $2.4\times10^5$ (2) $2.5\times10^5$ (3) $4\times10^5$ (4) $8\times10^5$

198. The $(V-T)$ diagram for $0.4$ moles of an ideal gas (complete) is shown in the figure below. The $(P-V)$ diagram corresponding to these two processes is which of the following? $$\left(R = 8\,\frac{\text{J}}{\text{mol.K}}\right)$$
[Figure: V(L) vs T(K) graph showing points C, A, B with V-axis values at 8 and 4, and T-axis values at 250 and 500]

• [(1)] [Figure: P(Pa) vs V(L) graph, option 1 — points A at $4\times10^5$, B at $4\times10^5$, C at $10^5$, with V values at 2, 4, 8]
• [(2)] [Figure: P(Pa) vs V(L) graph, option 2 — points B at $4\times10^5$, A at $4\times10^5$, C at $2\times10^5$, with V values at 2, 4, 8]
• [(3)] [Figure: P(Pa) vs V(L) graph, option 3 — points B at $4\times10^5$, A at $4\times10^5$, C at $10^5$, with V values at 2, 4, 8]
• [(4)] [Figure: P(Pa) vs V(L) graph, option 4 — points B at $4\times10^5$, A at $4\times10^5$, C at $10^5$, with V values at 2, 4, 8]

%% Page 18 Physics 122-D Page 17

199. The $P-T$ diagram of one mole of an ideal (complete) monatomic gas is shown in the figure below. The process is carried out on the gas. How many joules are the heat exchanged in process $AB$ and the heat exchanged in process $BC$, respectively? $\left(C_p = \dfrac{5}{2}R,\ R = 8\ \dfrac{\text{J}}{\text{mol·K}}\right)$
[Figure: P(Pa) vs T(K) graph. Point A is at approximately $(1.5\times10^5\ \text{Pa},\ 450\ \text{K})$, point B is at $(3\times10^5\ \text{Pa},\ 450\ \text{K})$, and point C is at $(3\times10^5\ \text{Pa},\ 750\ \text{K})$. Process AB is a diagonal line (oblique), and process BC is a vertical line (isobaric).]

• [(1)] zero, 3600
• [(2)] zero, 6000
• [(3)] 3600, 2700
• [(4)] 6000, 2700

200. A metal capsule with a volume of 30 liters contains oxygen gas at a pressure of $5\times10^5$ Pa and a temperature of 27°C. Some oxygen is released from the capsule such that the remaining gas pressure drops to $2.9\times10^5$ Pa and the temperature becomes 17°C. How many grams of gas have been released from the capsule? $$\left(M_{O_2} = 32\ \frac{\text{g}}{\text{mol}},\ R = 8\ \frac{\text{J}}{\text{mol·K}}\right)$$
(1) $50$ (2) $60$ (3) $80$ (4) $100$
\rule{\textwidth}{0.4pt}
Calculation Space
%% Page 19 Chemistry 122-D Page 18

201- For atom a, the valence electron number is $n+1$ and equals m, and for atom b, the valence electron number is x. The numbers a, b, m, and x, from right to left, can be which of the following?
(1) $5,5,4,1$ (2) $5,4,4,2$ [4pt] (3) $5,4,5,2$ (4) $5,4,5,1$

202- The number of protons of ion $^{72}\text{M}^{3+}$ is $\circ/8$ times the number of neutrons. Element M is in the same period and same row in the periodic table as which element, and in this ion, how many layers are filled with electrons?
(1) $3,\ _{46}\text{A}$ (2) $4,\ _{46}\text{A}$ (3) $3,\ _{16}\text{D}$ (4) $4,\ _{16}\text{D}$

203- How many of the following statements are correct?

• The atomic mass of $\text{H}$ is slightly more than $1\ \text{amu}$.
• Element $_{48}\text{X}$ with element $_{17}\text{Z}$ are in the same group, and with element $_{21}\text{Y}$ are in the same period.
• In the third period of the periodic table, five elements have symbols that are two-letter abbreviations.
• Every column of the periodic table contains elements with identical physical and chemical properties and is called a group.

(1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4

204- If in atom $\text{X}$, 12 electrons have orbital quantum number 1 and 10 electrons have orbital quantum number 2, and the sum of the spin quantum numbers of the electrons equals $+\dfrac{1}{2}$, how many of the following statements about it are correct?

• This element is in group 12 of the periodic table.
• Its atomic mass equals 28 and with element $_{47}\text{D}$ is in the same group.
• Four electron shells of it are occupied by electrons.
• It is a transition element and is in the same period as element $_{20}\text{A}$ in the periodic table.
• The number of electrons of ion $\text{X}^{2+}$ equals the number of electrons of atom $_{47}\text{D}$.

(1) 2 (2) 3 (3) 4 (4) 5

205- The difference in lattice energy (enthalpy of crystallization) of which two compounds is less?
(1) KF, LiCl (2) LiBr, NaF (3) LiF, NaCl (4) $\text{Na}_2\text{O}$, $\text{MgF}_2$

206- Which of the following statements is correct?

• [A)] The oxidation number $-2$ in ion $\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_7^{2-}$ belongs to the oxygen atoms.
• [B)] In the chemical formula of scandium carbonate, the number of anions is $1.5$ times the number of cations.
• [C)] The main reason for the neutrality of ionic solids is that the number of positive ions equals the number of negative ions.
• [D)] In the crystal lattice of a solid, the amount of energy released when forming one mole of solid from its gaseous ions equals the lattice energy.

(1) A, B (2) A, C (3) B, C (4) B, D

207- If the chemical formula of a metallic phosphate is written as $\text{X}_m(\text{PO}_4)_n$, the chemical formula of its sulfide and nitride compounds, from right to left, and the possible group of this metal in the periodic table, should be:
(1) $8,\ \text{X(NO}_3)_2,\ \text{XSO}_4$ (2) $8,\ \text{X}_2\text{N}_2,\ \text{XS}$ [4pt] (3) $2,\ \text{XNO}_3,\ \text{X(SO}_4)_2$ (4) $2,\ \text{X}_2\text{N}_2,\ \text{XS}$
%% Page 20 Chemistry 122-D Page 19

208 -- Which statement is correct?

1. The bond angles between atoms in the molecules $\text{BCl}_3$ and $\text{SO}_3$ are equal.
2. The geometric shape of the anion and cation in ammonium chlorate is the same.
3. The number of electronic lone pairs around the central atom of $\text{ClF}_4^-$ and the molecule $\text{SF}_4$ are equal.
4. The molecules $\text{SOCl}_2$ and $\text{COCl}_2$ are both polar and their geometric shapes are the same.

209 -- Considering the structure of the molecule $\text{P}_4\text{O}_{10}$ shown in the figure below, which of the following statements are correct?
[Figure: Structure of $\mathrm{P_4O_{10}}$ showing four phosphorus atoms connected via bridging oxygen atoms, each P also bearing a terminal P=O bond]

• [A)] All atoms in it have four electronic domains.
• [B)] The oxidation number of each phosphorus atom in it equals $+4$ and the number of bonds per atom is greater.
• [C)] The number of covalent bonds in it is $0.25$ times the total number of covalent bonds between atoms in it.
• [D)] The number of lone pairs of electrons on atoms in it equals $1.5$ times the number of bonding electron pairs.

1. A, D
2. B, D
3. B, C, D
4. A, B, D

210 -- Which of the following statements is incorrect? $(\text{H}=1,\ \text{C}=12\ \text{: g.mol}^{-1})$

1. The name of the alkane with formula $(\text{C}_4\text{H}_9)_2\text{CH}_2$ is 3-ethylpentane and it is an isomer of heptane.
2. Cyclopentane is an isomer of pentane and the ratio of carbon to hydrogen atoms in it is 1 to 2.
3. Benzene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon and reacts completely with hydrogen to become cyclohexane.
4. The difference between the molar mass of the sixth member of the alkene family and the sixth member of the alkane family is 14 grams per mole.

211 -- A mixture of benzaldehyde and a compound with the structure $$\text{HO}-\!\!\!\!\diagdown\!\!\!\!\diagup$$ [Figure: a cyclic alcohol structure] is completely burned inside a closed container. If the amount of water produced is $7.8$ moles and $\text{CO}_2$ produced is $9.4$ moles, the mole percent of benzaldehyde in this mixture is determined. From burning each of the two compounds, $\text{CO}_2(\text{g})$ and $\text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l})$ are formed.
$$(\text{H}=1,\ \text{C}=12,\ \text{O}=16\ \text{: g.mol}^{-1})$$

1. [(1)] $15$
2. [(2)] $20$
3. [(3)] $25$
4. [(4)] $30$

212 -- Based on the following reactions, if $630$ grams of nitric acid with $80\%$ purity reacts with copper metal, how many moles of copper(II) nitrate are formed and the gas $\text{NO}_2$ produced in this reaction combines with oxygen gas to form $\text{NO}$ -- at STP conditions, what total volume (in liters) does it occupy? (Choose the answers from right to left.)
$$(\text{H}=1,\ \text{N}=14,\ \text{O}=16\ \text{: g.mol}^{-1})$$
$$\begin{cases} \text{HNO}_3(\text{aq}) + \text{Cu}(\text{s}) \rightarrow \text{Cu(NO}_3)_2(\text{aq}) + \text{NO}_2(\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l}) & \text{(balanced reaction)} \\ \text{NO}_2(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \xrightarrow{\text{sunlight}} \text{NO}(\text{g}) + \text{O}_3(\text{g}) \end{cases}$$

1. [(1)] $67.2\ ,\ 2$
2. [(2)] $67.2\ ,\ 4$
3. [(3)] $89.6\ ,\ 2$
4. [(4)] $89.6\ ,\ 4$

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%% Page 21 Chemistry 122-D Page 20

213. To produce 2.8 tons of iron from smelting $\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3$ ore with 50\% purity, according to the reaction: $$2\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3(\text{s}) + 3\text{CO}(\text{g}) \rightarrow 2\text{Fe}(\text{s}) + 3\text{CO}_2(\text{g})$$ with 80\% yield, how many tons of this ore are needed, and how many kilograms of calcium oxide can absorb the $\text{CO}_2$ gas produced? (Read the options from right to left.)
$(C = 12,\ O = 16,\ Ca = 40,\ Fe = 56 : \text{g.mol}^{-1})$
(1) $3250\ ,\ 10$ (2) $3250\ ,\ 8$ (3) $4250\ ,\ 10$ (4) $4250\ ,\ 8$

214. Two containers of equal volume, at equal temperature, one containing 0.24 mol of oxygen gas (container I) and the other containing 11.2 grams of butane gas (container II). $(H = 1,\ C = 12,\ O = 16 : \text{g.mol}^{-1})$. Which statement about them is incorrect?
(The balanced reaction equation is: $\text{C}_4\text{H}_{10}(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{CO}_2(\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{g})$)
1) The gas pressure in container I is greater than in container II.

215. If aluminum reacts with each of the oxygen and fluorine gases, giving $3.01 \times 10^{24}$ electrons, what is the ratio of the mass of aluminum fluoride produced to the mass of aluminum oxide produced?
$(O = 16,\ F = 19,\ Al = 27 : \text{g.mol}^{-1})$
(1) $1/\!56$ (2) $1/\!65$ (3) $2/\!35$ (4) $3/\!25$

216. Considering the following thermochemical reactions:
(I) $\text{CS}_2(\text{l}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{CO}_2(\text{g}) + \text{SO}_2(\text{g})$ $\Delta H = -1075\ \text{kJ}$
(II) $\text{NH}_3(\text{g}) + \text{O}_2(\text{g}) \rightarrow \text{N}_2(\text{g}) + \text{H}_2\text{O}(\text{l})$ $\Delta H = -1530\ \text{kJ}$ (equations are balanced)
The heat of combustion of each gram of ammonia is equal to the heat of combustion of how many grams of carbon disulfide, and how many moles of gas are produced per mole of ammonia burned in reaction (II)? (Read the options from right to left.)
$(H = 1,\ C = 12,\ N = 14,\ S = 32 : \text{g.mol}^{-1})$
(1) $5/\!0\ ,\ 1/\!59$ (2) $2\ ,\ 2/\!19$
(3) $1\ ,\ 1/\!59$ (4) $2/\!25\ ,\ 2/\!19$

217. In a calorimeter where water is used instead of glycerin, 920 grams of glycerin are used. When this calorimeter is used under similar conditions, the temperature rises $620$ grams of ethylene glycol by $8^\circ\text{C}$. If the molar heat capacity of glycerin is equal to the molar heat capacity of ethylene glycol, and the specific heat capacity of ethylene glycol is $2/5\ \text{J.g}^{-1}.^\circ\text{C}^{-1}$, what is approximately the specific heat capacity of glycerin in $\text{J.g}^{-1}.^\circ\text{C}^{-1}$?
(Read the options from right to left.) $(H = 1,\ C = 12,\ O = 16 : \text{g.mol}^{-1})$
(1) $2/\!18\ ,\ 1/\!4$ (2) $2/\!35\ ,\ 1/\!4$ (3) $2/\!54\ ,\ 1/\!8$ (4) $2/\!69\ ,\ 1/\!8$
%% Page 22 Chemistry 122-D Page 21